Pilot Study: Addition of Biological Sampling to Drake Passage Transits of the "L.M. Gould"

南大洋50多年来的变暖趋势在德雷克海峡最为明显，并可能影响这里的生态系统结构。声学多普勒电流剖面仪（ADCP）记录了多个lm古尔德?从1999年至今，德雷克航道的供应过境显示了声学后向散射的时空变化。上层水柱的声学后向散射强度与支持捕食者种群的浮游动物和浮游生物生物量相对应。然而，在德雷克通道的大部分地区，对这种声学检测生物量有贡献的分类群的身份是未知的。这个项目将引入一个生物成分古尔德?目的是确定负责ADCP获得的后向散射记录的分类群的身份，并将这些记录与更高营养水平（海鸟/海洋哺乳动物）联系起来。在春季、夏季和秋季期间进行净取样，可以评估巴塔哥尼亚和南极半岛之间浮游动物和顶级捕食者的丰度和分类组成的昼夜和季节变化。与ADCP剖面相结合的净样本和深度参考视频记录将允许识别这里所代表的3个生物地理区域（亚南极区、极地锋区和南极区）的主要声波后向散射。将ADCP记录与1999-2009年1 - 3月在南极半岛收集的大量浮游动物数据以及长期的顶部捕食者调查数据进行比较，以检验南极区优势后向散射分类群的有效性。更广泛的影响还包括一个邮轮博客，为莫斯兰丁海洋实验室（Moss Landing Marine Labs）的一个在线推广出版物撰写一篇文章，以及在YouTube上发布一段关于南大洋船上研究的视频。

A 50+ year warming trend in the Southern Ocean has been most dramatic in Drake Passage and likely impacts ecosystem structure here. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) records from multiple ?L.M. Gould? supply transits of Drake Passage from 1999 to present demonstrate spatial and temporal variability in acoustics backscattering. Acoustics backscattering strength in the upper water column corresponds to zooplankton and nekton biomass that supports predator populations. However, for much of Drake Passage the identity of taxa contributing to this acoustically detected biomass is not known. This project would introduce a biological component to ?L.M. Gould? transits of Drake Passage with the goal of determining the identity of taxa responsible for the backscattering records obtained by ADCP and relating these to higher trophic levels (seabird/marine mammal). Net sampling during spring, summer and fall transits will permit assessment of diel and seasonal changes in the abundance and taxonomic composition of zooplankton and top predators represented between Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula. Net samples and depth-referenced video records taken in conjunction with ADCP profiles will permit the identification of the dominant acoustic backscatters in the 3 biogeographic regions represented here, the Subantarctic, Polar Frontal, and Antarctic Zones. The validity of dominant backscattering taxa in the Antarctic Zone will be tested by comparing the ADCP records with abundant zooplankton data collected off the Antarctic Peninsula during January-March 1999-2009 as well with long-term top predator surveys. The broader impacts also include a cruise blog, the production of an article for an online outreach publication based at Moss Landing Marine Labs and a YouTube video featuring shipboard research in the Southern Ocean.