Collaborative Research: Women in Science and Technology Policy

美国科技政策制定机构的工作对知识建设和经济增长至关重要。这些机构决定如何制定资助科学和技术发展的政策和计划，如何促进技术转让和创新，以及如何在联邦监管和监督中使用科学和技术方法。本项目通过对美国联邦决策中的妇女职业生涯的研究，调查性别在科学和技术政策制定中的作用。跨社会科学的研究调查了在决策中纳入不同观点的好处，包括男性和女性领导人的观点。 虽然对科学界的妇女和管理或政府部门的妇女进行了大量研究，但以前很少对妇女领导人在科学和技术政策中的作用进行研究。该项目通过提供妇女参与和影响联邦一级科学技术政策的定性和定量措施，探索新的领域。数据收集的重点是1992-2008年科技决策机构的领导力。 产品包括一个多年，多机构的数据集妇女的职业生涯在科技政策在联邦一级。 该研究从多个社会科学学科和领域的交叉点的理论中了解组织过程，包括：科学和技术研究;社会学;政治学;公共政策;管理科学;和经济学。例如，科技机构组织结构的变化是否会影响妇女参与科学和技术政策，这是一个引起广泛学术兴趣的问题。科学政策研究，这项工作有助于重要的见解，在机构的领导人，科学基金如何看待自己在知识生产过程中各自的角色。更广泛的影响：研究资金是科学和工程的生命线。 本项目通过对美国联邦级科技决策机构的组织和领导的考察，有助于我们对科技决策机构重要作用的理解。了解妇女领导人如何为科技政策议程作出贡献，妇女参与不同机构的差异如何产生不同的结果，以及健康的科技政策部门的解剖结构是什么样的，这些都是该项目预期的重要成果。 该项目产生的知识对改善政策组织结构和做法具有实际意义，并产生了其他研究人员可以用来调查性别与科学决策之间关系的数据集。

The work of science and technology (S&T) policymaking agencies in the United States is important to building knowledge and economic growth. These agencies make decisions about how to structure policies and programs for funding science and technology development, how to promote technology transfer and innovation, and how to use scientific and technical methods in federal regulation and oversight. This project investigates role that gender plays in the creation of science and technology policy through a study of women's careers in US federal policymaking. Research across the social sciences has investigated the advantages of including diverse perspectives in decision-making, including the perspectives of men and women leaders. While there is much research on women in science and women in management or government, there is little previous research on the role of women leaders in science and technology policy. This project explores new ground by providing both qualitative and quantitative measures of women's participation and influence on science and technology policy at the federal level. Data collection focuses on leadership in S&T policymaking agencies from 1992-2008. Products include a multiyear, multiagency dataset of women's careers in S&T policy at the federal level. The research informs understanding of organizational processes from theories at the intersection of multiple social science disciplines and areas, including: science and technology studies; sociology; political science; public policy; management science; and economics. For example, whether variation in the organizational structures of S&T agencies shapes women's participation in science and technology policy is a question of wide intellectual interest. To science policy studies, this work contributes important insights on how leaders at agencies that fund science view their respective roles in the knowledge production processes. Broader Impacts: Research funding is the lifeblood of science and engineering. This project contributes to our understanding of that vital role of S&T policymaking agencies by investigating the organization and leadership of federal level S&T policymaking agencies in the United States. Understanding how women leaders have contributed to the S&T policy agenda, how variation in the participation of women in different agencies has produced different outcomes, and what the anatomy of a healthy S&T policy sector looks like are important outcomes expected in this project. This project generates knowledge with practical implications for improving policy organization structures and practices, and a dataset that other researchers can use to investigate the relationship between gender and science policymaking.