Three Dimensional Thermal and Magnetic Structure of Sunspots

这一为期三年的项目的主要目标是通过同时对太阳大气层不同高度的磁场和质量运动进行高分辨率观测，研究太阳黑子的热和磁结构。 该项目将进一步阐明四个主要科学专题，即：（i）太阳黑子的三维磁结构;（ii）太阳黑子的三维热结构;（iii）磁场对谱线轮廓的影响;以及（iv）太阳耀斑位置附近的磁结构和速度结构。 前三个主题对恒星天体物理学也有更广泛的影响。 该项目的更广泛影响包括对太阳的观测，这些观测可应用于空间天气、恒星天体物理学，并培训本科生和研究生成为下一代太阳物理学家。 特别是，这一为期三年的项目将：㈠能够更好地了解类太阳恒星的磁场结构及其色球活动; ㈡增进对活动区色球的磁场、质量运动和热结构的了解，以帮助确定可能影响空间天气的不稳定磁结构;（iii）帮助确定未来DKIST的更高空间分辨率将至关重要的具体科学问题;以及（iv）有助于对本科生和研究生进行观测太阳物理学教育。 该项目将涉及来自北岭加州州立大学的本科生，该大学被指定为西班牙裔服务机构，以及亚裔美国土著太平洋岛民服务机构。 该项目的研究和EPO议程支持AGS部门在发现，学习，多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。

The main goal of this 3-year project is to investigate the thermal and magnetic structure of sunspots by using simultaneous high-resolution observations of magnetic field and mass motion at different heights in the solar atmosphere. The project will shed more light on four major science topics, namely: (i) three dimensional magnetic structure of sunspots; (ii) three dimensional thermal structure of sunspot; (iii) effect of magnetic field on spectral line profiles; and, (iv) magnetic and velocity structure near solar flare locations. The first three topics also have broader implications to stellar astrophysics. The broader impact of this project includes observations of the Sun that have application to space weather, stellar astrophysics, and training of both undergraduate and graduate students to becoming the next generation of solar physicists. In particular, this 3-year project will: (i) enable better understanding of the magnetic field structure of Sun-like stars and their chromospheric activity; (ii) provide improved understanding of the magnetic field, mass motion, and thermal structure of active region chromospheres to help identify unstable magnetic configurations that may impact space weather; (iii) help identify specific science problems for which the higher spatial resolution of the future DKIST will be crucial; and, (iv) contribute to educating undergraduate and graduate students in observational solar physics. The project will involve undergraduate students from the California State University at Northridge, which is designated as a Hispanic Serving Institution, as well as an Asian American Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution. The research and EPO agenda of this project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.