Collaborative Research: SHINE: Study of Long-Term Variability of Solar Chromospheric Activity in Multiple Solar Cycles

为期3年的SHINE项目旨在利用各种来源建立一个多年代际的H-alpha图像数据库，并研究数据库的长期变化，以了解太阳活动的周期行为。这三个项目团队将研究细丝的统计特性，跟踪微分旋转和经向流动，并研究手性-半球螺旋度关系，这对了解磁场、内部流动和螺旋度的长期变化至关重要。该项目具有很强的教育成分，因为所有三个PI机构都有非常活跃的教育和外展计划；NJIT和CSUN拥有高度多样化的环境，有许多少数民族学生。这个SHINE项目本质上是多学科的，因为它需要计算机科学、工程学、统计学和物理学方面的专业知识。该项目将促进强有力的国际合作，以促进美国和世界范围内的空间天气研究。这个为期3年的SHINE项目的研究计划包括三个主要任务。第一个任务是研究长丝的统计特性的长期变化，这些长丝携带着关于太阳活动周期磁特征的重要信息。项目团队将重点研究细丝的统计和周期依赖特性，特别是与新旧太阳周期之间的界面有关的极冠细丝。第二个主要任务是利用h - α图像的特征作为磁特征的代理来跟踪等离子体流动。最重要的组成部分包括微分旋转和经向流。两者都与太阳周期的发电机特征密切相关。由于SOHO和SDO的数据仅限于太阳周期23和24，这在低活动水平方面可能是非典型的，为了完成这项任务，项目团队将利用他们自己的数据，这些数据跨越了9个太阳周期的高振幅和低振幅。第三个任务是研究反映螺旋度全局结构的丝状体手性分布及其周期变化。该项目与美国国家科学基金会的SHINE计划直接相关，因为它将提供关于全球太阳活动长期变化的重要知识，这是太阳、日球层和行星际环境中高能干扰的主要来源。这些知识对于精确建模和预测从太阳表面到地球和更远的空间天气条件至关重要。该项目的研究和EPO议程支持AGS部门在发现、学习、多样性和跨学科研究方面的战略目标。

This 3-year SHINE project is aimed at building a multi-decadal database of H-alpha images using various sources and studying the long-term variation in the database to understand the cyclic behavior of the solar activity. The three project teams will study the statistical properties of filaments, track differential rotation and meridional flows, and investigate the chirality-hemispheric helicity relation, which is essential for understanding the long-term variation of magnetic fields, interior flows and helicity. The project has a strong education component since all three PI institutions have very active programs in education and outreach; the NJIT and CSUN have highly diverse environment, with many minority students. This SHINE project is multidisciplinary in nature since it requires expertise in computer science, engineering, statistics, and physics. The project will promote strong international collaborations for the benefit of advancing space weather research both in the USA and worldwide. The research plan of this 3-year SHINE project includes three main tasks. The first task is to study the long-term variation of the statistical properties of filaments that carries important information about the magnetic signature of the solar cycles. The project team will focus the research on the statistical and cycle dependent properties of filaments, in particular polar crown filaments that are related to the interface between the new and the old solar cycles. The second main task is to track plasma flows using features from H-alpha images as proxy for the magnetic features. The most important components include the differential rotation and meridional flows. Both are closely related to the dynamo signature of solar cycles. Since the SOHO and SDO data are limited to solar cycles 23 and 24, which may be atypical in respect to low level of activity, to accomplish this task the project team will utilize their own data, which spans over 9 solar cycles of both high and low amplitudes. The third task is to investigate the distribution of filament chirality and their cycle variations, which reflect the global structure of helicity. The project is directly relevant to the NSF's SHINE program, because it will provide important knowledge about the long-term variation of the global solar activity, which is the major source of high-energy disturbances in the solar, heliospheric, and interplanetary environment. Such knowledge is critical for accurate modeling and prediction of space weather conditions from the solar surface to the Earth and beyond. The research and EPO agenda of this project supports the Strategic Goals of the AGS Division in discovery, learning, diversity, and interdisciplinary research.