FSML: Instrumentation at UW Friday Harbor Laboratories for Studies of the Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification and Ocean Change

华盛顿大学星期五港湾实验室(FHL)目前支持一个功能齐全的NSF资助(FSML)海洋酸化实验实验室和水中介体设施，可供任何机构的研究人员使用。根据新的奖励，FHL将安装一个仪器阵列来监测当地的海洋变化，并提供数据来帮助设计正在进行的实验。威斯康星大学已经安装了海底电缆系统(2013年春季)，该系统将允许对科学设备进行实时监测和测试。试验台的基础设施包括两条捆绑在海底的光缆，从岸边延伸600英尺，第三条较浅的光缆将于2014年添加。连接到每条电缆的仪器将通过FHL和NANOOS网站向科学家和普通公众提供前所未有的数据访问。在两根电缆(7米、30米)的末端，FHL将安装实时仪器，以监测水柱中的海洋化学、物理和生物过程。在另一条电缆(40米)的末端，将测试UW OOI区域尺度节点(RSN)系统的浅层和深部剖面仪(UW海洋学院和应用物理实验室)；剖面仪最终将被移除，UW将继续使用这些电缆和连接器作为未来仪器开发的试验台设施。海洋变化，包括海洋酸化，对海洋和沿海生态系统以及依赖它们的社会构成前所未有的威胁。办公自动化问题的规模和复杂性要求新的空间分布式数据收集，以及办公自动化研究的综合方案方法。由东北太平洋水域提供营养的Salish海区域特别容易受到与海洋上升流有关的酸碱度事件的影响，已经经历了其他区域几十年都不会看到的酸碱度范围；商业渔业和贝类水产养殖似乎已经受到影响或处于危险之中。在Salish海等河口，由于呼吸、生产、缺氧和混合等局部过程，OA进一步复杂化，导致PH值和PCO2在时间和空间上的广泛变化。FHL海洋变化研究的长期计划侧重于综合海洋碳酸盐系统观测，利用海洋传感器和仪器开发方面的新进展，并纳入实验室和现场条件下的生物反应研究。我们将使用环境和生态系统模拟研究来模拟实地条件，我们的研究结果将为评估政策和社会经济反应提供信息。社会需求将与我们的研究充分结合，融合问题的相关性和人类适应办公自动化的需要。FHL将参与知识转让，数据和信息往返于政策制定者、受影响社区、科学家和普通公众。贝类水产养殖界将从新数据中获得经济利益，部落政府将获得帮助维持传统食物来源的好处。公众将通过有针对性的教育活动受益，提高对海洋过程，特别是海洋酸化的一般了解。UW和FHL将培训一支随时准备发现和应对OA影响的劳动力队伍，并实现适应性反应，使受影响的行业和社区能够在这一威胁存在时蓬勃发展。用户包括从事海洋资源经济的团体、沿海部落成员、海洋资源管理人员、学术和政府实验室的研究人员以及正规和非正规教育工作者。FHL教育项目范围广泛，从高中教师和他们的学生到本科生和研究生以及博士后研究人员。在研究生阶段，FHL将为学生在学术界内外的职业生涯做好准备。代表不足的少数群体被充分纳入FHL活动，目的是增加他们在海洋学、生物学、渔业和其他开放式获取和海洋相关领域的代表性。我们将利用现有的计划(UW IGERT in Ocean Change、FHL Blinks和REU Site计划、FHL研究学徒计划、UW的NSF Beacon计划)，并创建新的计划，在大学校园内外招募、指导和准备URM学生社区。我们将以尊重文化的方式，在他们自己的大学校园(NWIC)附近，与他们自己的教师一起，扩大我们正在进行的美洲原住民学生参与海洋变化研究和教育的范围。

The UW Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL) currently supports a fully functional NSF-funded (FSML) Ocean Acidification Experimental Laboratory and in-water mesocosm facility, available to researchers from any institution. Under the new award, FHL will install an instrument array to monitor local ocean changes, and to provide data to help design ongoing experiments. UW has already installed a submarine cable system (spring 2013) that will allow real-time monitoring and testing of scientific devices. The test-bed infrastructure includes two electro-optical cables, bundled together on the seafloor, extending 600 feet from shore, and a third shallower cable will be added in 2014. Instruments connected to each cable will provide unprecedented data access to scientists and the general public via the FHL and NANOOS websites. At the end of two cables (7m, 30m) FHL will install real-time instruments to monitor ocean chemistry, physics and biological processes in the water column. At the end of the other cable (40m), a shallow and a deep profiler of the UW OOI Regional Scale Node (RSN) system will be tested (UW School of Oceanography & Applied Physics Lab); the profilers will eventually be removed and UW will continue to use this cable and connectors as a test-bed facility for future instrument development.Ocean change, including ocean acidification (OA), poses an unprecedented threat to oceanic and coastal ecosystems and to the societies that depend on them. The scale and complexity of the OA problem requires new spatially distributed data collection, and an integrated programmatic approach to OA research. The Salish Sea region, fed by waters of the Northeast Pacific, is particularly vulnerable to OA events associated with ocean upwelling and is already experiencing pH ranges that other areas will not see for many decades; commercial fisheries and shellfish aquaculture already appear to be affected or at risk. OA is further complicated in estuaries such as the Salish Sea by local processes including respiration, production, anoxia and mixing, resulting in wide pH and pCO2 variation in time and space. Long-range plans for ocean change research at FHL focus on integrated ocean carbonate system observations, utilizing new advances in the development of ocean sensors and instruments, and incorporating biological response studies under laboratory and field conditions. Field conditions will be simulated using environmental and ecosystem modeling studies, and our findings will provide information for assessment of policy, and socio-economic responses.Societal needs will be fully integrated with our research, merging the relevance of the problem and the need for human adaptation to OA. FHL will engage in knowledge transfer, with data and information flowing to and from policy makers, affected communities, scientists, and the general public. The shellfish aquaculture community will benefit economically from the new data and tribal governments will accrue benefits that could help sustain traditional food sources. The public will benefit through targeted education activities that improve general understanding of ocean processes and especially ocean acidification. UW and FHL will train a workforce that is ready to discover and deal with the impacts of OA and to realize adaptive responses that will allow affected industries and communities to thrive in the presence of this threat. Users include groups engaged in marine resource-based economies, members of coastal tribes, managers of marine resources, researchers in academic and government laboratories, and both formal and informal educators. FHL education programs reach broadly, from high school teachers and their students to undergraduate and graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. At the graduate level, FHL will prepare students for careers inside and outside of academia. Under represented minorities (URM) are fully integrated into FHL activities, with the objective of increasing their representation in oceanography, biology, fisheries and other OA and ocean-related fields. We will leverage existing programs (UW IGERT in Ocean Change, FHL Blinks and REU site programs, FHL Research Apprenticeships, NSF BEACON at UW) and create new programs to recruit, mentor, and prepare a community of URM students both on and off the university campus. We will expand our ongoing engagement of Native American students in ocean change research and education, near their own college campus (NWIC) and with their own instructors, in a culturally respectful way.