Particulate Matter Size and Composition Change in Response to Transport from the Outdoor to Indoor Environment

1437916 DeCarlo，Peter F.颗粒物的大小和组成随从室外到室内环境的运输而变化在空气污染领域，人们对颗粒物从室外向室内环境输送时颗粒组成的实时变化知之甚少。该项目的目标是在线实时表征室外、室内和建筑物内的颗粒物化学成分和尺寸分布，并以高时间分辨率(每个位置2分钟采样6分钟周期)提供空气。该研究计划旨在加强室外空气质量和室内空气质量研究之间的合作。这两个学科之间的界线通常是僵化的，但正如这里所建议的那样，两个小组协同工作可以学到很多东西。为了促进这种互动，将召开关于室外和室内空气质量的研讨会，将我们地区的研究人员聚集在一起，制定研究议程，目的是了解室外空气在室内移动时发生的变化。所获得的洞察力将有可能提高我们对室内环境暴露于室外颗粒物的风险的理解，这些颗粒物被输送到室内环境中，以及在过渡期间成分的变化。最后，公共外展机会在费城地区很普遍。由富兰克林研究所主办的费城科学博览会等活动为皮德卡洛提供了一个向公众展示这项工作成果的绝佳机会。这项研究利用最近通过美国国家科学基金会核磁共振资助(1229298奖)获得的仪器产生的独特数据集，研究温度和湿度梯度对颗粒物从室外到室内环境的化学成分和尺寸分布的动态分配行为的影响。这项研究将提出几个问题，例如：1)典型过程(如昼夜循环、光化学产生、天气事件、季节循环)对室外PM尺寸和化学成分的变化如何影响室内PM的尺寸分辨化学成分？2)环境因素(温度和湿度的梯度)如何影响从室外到室内运输的PM的尺寸分辨化学成分。3.)在有人居住的房间与无人居住的房间中，颗粒物是否会发生额外的化学和物理变化？这似乎是第一次在室内环境中使用任何类型的Aerodyne气溶胶质谱仪的研究。气溶胶质谱仪通常用于大气颗粒物的测量，但尚未用于室内颗粒物的测量和研究。初步研究调查证明了这一实验方法的可行性和所产生的数据的丰富性。初步观测表明，需要高时间分辨率和气溶胶质谱仪提供的化学信息。这项全面的研究将利用对特定化合物的正矩阵因式分解和离子标记对颗粒物硫酸盐、硝酸盐、铵、黑碳和各种有机物进行实时测量。期待本研究成果在室内空气品质领域做出重要贡献，独树一帜。

1437916DeCarlo, Peter F.Particulate matter size and composition change in response to transport from the outdoor to indoor environment In the field of air pollution, very little is known about how particle composition changes in real time when particulate matter is transported from outdoors to the indoor environment. The goal of this project is online real-time characterization of particulate chemical composition and size distribution outdoors, indoors, and in the building supply air with high time resolution (6 minute cycle of 2 minute sampling at each location). The research plan intends to fortify collaboration between outdoor air quality and an indoor air quality research. Boundary lines between these two disciplines are typically rigid, but much can be learned by two groups working in concert, as is proposed here. To facilitate this interaction, workshops will be convened on outdoor and indoor air quality, bringing together investigators in our region to define a research agenda with the goal of understanding the transformations occurring when outdoor air moves indoors. Insights gained will have the potential to improve our understanding of risk due to indoor environmental exposure to outdoor particles that are transported into the indoor environment and change in composition during that transition. Finally, public outreach opportunities are prevalent in the Philadelphia area. Events such as the Philadelphia Science Fair hosted by the Franklin Institute, offer an excellent opportunity for PI DeCarlo to showcase the results of this work to members of the general public.Utilizing the unique dataset, generated by instrumentation recently acquired through an NSF MRI grant (Award 1229298), this study will examine the effect of temperature and humidity gradients on dynamic partitioning behavior of particulate matter chemical composition and size distribution as it is transported from outdoors to the indoor environment. This study will ask several questions, for example: 1) How do the changes to outdoor PM size and chemical composition from typical processes (e.g. diurnal cycles, photochemical production, weather events, seasonal cycles) influence the size resolved chemical composition of indoor PM? 2) How do changes in environmental factors (gradients in temperature and humidity) influence the size resolved chemical composition of PM transported from outdoors to indoors. 3.) Are there additional chemical and physical changes to particulate matter induced in an occupied versus unoccupied room? It appears that this is the first study to use any type of Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer in the indoor environment. Aerosol mass spectrometer instruments are commonly used in atmospheric particulate measurements, but they have not yet been utilized in indoor particulate measurements and research. Pilot study investigations demonstrated the feasibility of this experimental approach and the richness of the data generated. The initial observations show the need for high time resolution and chemical information provided by aerosol mass spectrometry. The full study will make use of the real-time measurements of particulate sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon and a variety of organics species using both positive matrix factorization and ion markers for specific compounds. It is expected that the results of this study will be an important contribution, unique in the indoor air quality field.