Variations in long-term fine particulate matter air pollution associations with mortality by particle size, source, and composition

长期细颗粒物空气污染的变化与颗粒物大小、来源和成分的死亡率相关

• 批准号: 10718385
• 负责人: Richard Bernard Hayes
• 金额: $ 134.89万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-26 至 2026-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10718385
• 关键词: Acidity; Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Aerosols; Affect; Age; Air; Air Pollution; Alcohol consumption; American; Biomass; Cause of Death; Censuses; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chemicals; Chronic Disease; Cities; Climate; Coal; Cohort Studies; Communities; Country; Data; Databases; Decision Making; Diabetes Mellitus; Diameter; Diet; Education; Elderly; Elements; Energy-Generating Resources; Equilibrium; Ethnic Origin; Excess Mortality; Exposure to; Future; Government; Health; Health Benefit; Health Policy; Health Professional; Health protection; Healthcare; Height; Housing; Human; Income; Individual; Investigation; Ions; Knowledge; Locales; Metals; Modification; Monitor; North America; Oils; Participant; Particle Size; Physical activity; Policies; Population; Predisposition; Preventive measure; Public Health; Race; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Residual state; Resolution; Risk; Risk Estimate; Sample Size; Smoking; Smoking Status; Sodium Chloride; Soil; Source; Steel; Subgroup; Testing; Time; Toxic effect; Uncertainty; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Vulnerable Populations; Weight; Work; ambient air pollution; burden of illness; climate change; climate policy; cohort; density; environmental change; fine particles; follow-up; hazard; improved; innovation; insight; meter; mortality; mortality risk; particle; policy recommendation; prospective; residence; sex

SUMMARY Mortality associations with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution exposures have been well documented. However, the estimate as to how many deaths per unit mass are associated with PM2.5 exposure has varied widely across studies, adding to the uncertainty of generally applying these effect estimates to new situations for policy and health decision-making (e.g., to other cities or countries around the world). In this work, we will evaluate how these health impacts vary with PM2.5 mass source, size distribution, and composition in the large NIH-AARP “Diet and Health Study” cohort, comprising more than a half million older adults living in cities and states across the United States. Participants in this cohort have been well characterized by numerous individual characteristics (e.g., age, sex, race, presence or absence of diabetes, height, weight and smoking), as well as by residence census tract ecologic covariates (e.g., population and housing density, average income). The study participants have been followed since 1995-1996 for mortality, and cause of death has been ascertained. We will enhance the NIH-AARP cohort database by determining long-term participant PM2.5 mass source, composition, and size distribution (i.e., PM mass < 1.0 µm) exposures, and compare their respective associations with mortality. This will allow us to innovatively test the hypothesis that the PM2.5 mass –mortality effect estimates vary as a function of particle size, composition, and/or source characteristics, both overall and in potentially sensitive sub-populations, enabling a more informative assessment of excess mortality due to air pollution exposures. With this new insight, the PM2.5 health benefits can be optimized during mitigative public health and healthcare actions by considering PM2.5 source and composition, including to best protect the most vulnerable populations, and when evaluating the clean air health benefits of alternative energy source choices to address climate change.

摘要 细颗粒物(PM2.5)空气污染暴露与死亡率的相关性一直很好 有记录在案。然而，关于单位质量死亡人数的估计与PM2.5暴露有关 在不同的研究中差异很大，增加了将这些影响估计普遍应用于新的 政策和卫生决策的情况(例如，世界各地的其他城市或国家)。在这 我们将评估这些对健康的影响如何随PM2.5质量来源、大小分布和 美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会的大型饮食与健康研究队列中的组成，由50多万老年人组成 成年人生活在美国各地的城市和州。这个队列中的参与者一直都很好 以许多个体特征为特征(例如，年龄、性别、种族、是否有糖尿病、 身高、体重和吸烟)，以及按居住人口普查区域生态协变量(例如，人口和 住房密度、平均收入)。自1995-1996年以来，研究参与者一直在跟踪调查死亡率， 死因已查明。我们将通过确定NIH-AARP队列数据库来增强 长期参与的PM2.5质量来源、组成和尺寸分布(即PM质量和重量；1.0微米) 并比较它们各自与死亡率的关系。这将使我们能够创新地测试 假设PM2.5质量死亡效应估计值随颗粒物大小、成分、 和/或源特征，在总体上和潜在敏感的子群体中，能够实现更多 对暴露在空气污染中的超额死亡率进行信息性评估。有了这种新的见解，PM2.5 在缓解公共卫生和医疗保健行动期间，可以通过考虑PM2.5来优化健康效益 来源和构成，包括最好地保护最脆弱的人群，以及在评估 应对气候变化的替代能源选择对清洁空气健康的好处。