XPS: FULL: SDA: Collaborative Research: RUI: SCORE: Scalability-Oriented Optimization

标题：XPS：Full：SDA：Collaborative Research：SCORE：面向可伸缩性的优化现代CPU包含越来越多的处理单元或“核心”，随着核心数量的增加，性能有望继续提高。不幸的是，程序员要充分利用这种处理能力是出了名的困难。计算可以被视为高速公路网上的汽车：我们希望交通尽可能快地流动，而不发生任何碰撞。编程语言提供“同步操作”-相当于程序员的红绿灯-它提高了安全性，但降低了速度。对于大型程序，除了专业程序员之外，管理安全性(更多灯光)和性能(更少灯光)这两个目标之间的矛盾对所有人来说都是遥不可及的。这个项目，SCORE(面向可伸缩性的优化)，通过在保持正确性的同时自动最大化程序性能来减轻这一负担。这项工作的智力价值在于开发了一套技术来识别程序中的瓶颈，并转换它们的代码或执行环境以消除这些瓶颈。该项目的更广泛的意义和重要性是使非专家程序员能够在现代多核平台上实现高性能，从而显著提高现有软件和新软件的性能和效率；为国家软件研究基础设施做出贡献；并增加学生获得科学研究的机会和培训。与优化顺序代码的编译一样，SCORE减轻了程序员的并发优化负担，让他们专注于正确的程序逻辑。通过在没有程序员参与的情况下处理架构和同步优化，SCORE使程序员能够交付可移植且有效地利用各种多核架构的应用程序。SCORE包括一套新的动态分析、静态分析和运行时系统，以实现面向可伸缩性的优化。它发现了瓶颈，并根据消除它们对性能的影响对它们进行排序。此信息可指导瓶颈补救动态分析，以确定并发优化的一系列机会。最后，代码盗用阶段使用轻量级检查和恢复代码来增强优化的代码，以确保正确执行。

Title: XPS: FULL: SDA: Collaborative Research: SCORE: Scalability-Oriented OptimizationModern CPUs, which contain an increasingly large number of processing units or "cores", offer the promise of continued increases in performance as the number of cores increases. Unfortunately, it is notoriously difficult for programmers to fully take advantage of this processing power. Computations can be viewed as cars on a network of highways: we want traffic to flow as fast as possible without any crashes. Programming languages offer "synchronization operations"---the programmer equivalent of traffic lights---which improve safety but reduce speed. For large programs, managing the tension between the twin goals of safety (more lights) and performance (fewer lights) can be out of reach for all but expert programmers. This project, SCORE (scalability-oriented optimization), lifts this burden by automatically maximizing program performance while maintaining correctness. The intellectual merits of this work are the development of a suite of techniques to identify bottlenecks in programs, and transform their code or execution environment to eliminate those bottlenecks. The project's broader significance and importance are to enable non-expert programmers to achieve high performance on modern, multicore platforms, and thus dramatically increase the performance and efficiency of existing and new software; contributing to the national software research infrastructure; and increasing access to science research opportunities and training for students.As with optimizing compilation for sequential code, SCORE lifts the burden of concurrency optimization from programmers, letting them focus exclusively on getting the logic of their program right. By handling architectural and synchronization optimizations without programmer involvement, SCORE lets programmers deliver applications that portably and effectively harness a wide range of multicore architectures. SCORE comprises a suite of new dynamic analyses, static analyses, and runtime systems to enable scalability-oriented optimization. It uncovers bottlenecks and ranks them by the performance impact of removing them. This information guides a bottleneck-remediation dynamic analysis to identify a range of opportunities for concurrency optimizations. Finally, a code robustification phase augments the optimized code with lightweight checking and recovery code to ensure correct execution.