Collaborative Research: Cholinergic and sleep regulation of human learning and memory

学习和记忆事实、经验和技能的能力对于广泛的人类活动至关重要。尽管心理学家和神经科学家对经验是如何被编码成记忆的，以及这些记忆是如何被巩固和提取的进行了广泛的研究，但对记忆处理发生的关键环境的研究还不够充分。这是神经化学物质的自然上升和下降，已知这些化学物质通过睡眠和清醒周期影响广泛的大脑功能。在这里，加州大学河滨分校（UCR）的Sara Mednick博士和加州大学伯克利分校（UCB）的Michael Silver博士及其同事将研究乙酰胆碱（Ach），一种已知在学习和记忆中起关键作用的主要神经调节剂，如何在编码、巩固和检索阶段对神经处理产生不同的影响。用于治疗阿尔茨海默病的药物利瓦斯汀将在训练前（编码）、训练后（清醒状态下的巩固）、睡前（睡眠依赖性巩固）和测试前（检索）给人类受试者增加Ach。将使用高密度脑电图（EEG）监测脑电活动，以表征不同皮质区域如何受到与睡眠-觉醒周期相关的乙酰胆碱自然变化和药物治疗的影响。总之，这些实验将提供关键的经验数据，以测试考虑神经调节动态变化的学习和记忆理论。乙酰胆碱与阿尔茨海默病有关，这是一种影响超过500万美国人的神经退行性疾病。更好地了解乙酰胆碱在记忆机制中的作用将有助于治疗患有这种疾病的患者，也有助于开发增强健康记忆的工具。更好地理解学习和记忆的神经化学机制也将有助于改善教育实践和应用培训制度，在这个项目中对睡眠作用的调查将有助于强调睡眠在一个睡眠水平创纪录低、睡眠习惯不良导致功能受损的社会中的重要性。Mednick博士和Silver博士将开发关于睡眠和乙酰胆碱以及学习和记忆的作用的教学模块和课程，以及关于睡眠方法的课程，这将有助于培训学生在这一领域进行研究。最后，梅德尼克博士将在当地为西班牙裔服务的公立医院发表关于睡眠对健康的好处的公开讲座，并将与加州大学洛杉矶分校健康中心合作，通过午睡和其他全校范围的活动，在大学生中推广午睡和健康的睡眠习惯。

The ability to learn and remember facts, experiences, and skills is critical for a wide range of human activities. Although how experience is encoded into memory, how such memory is then consolidated and later retrived have been extensively studied by psychologists and neuroscientists, a critical context in which memory processing taking place has been understudied. That is the natural rise and fall of the neurochemicals that are known to influence a wide range of brain functions through the sleep and wake cycles. Here Dr. Sara Mednick of the University of California, Riverside (UCR) and Dr. Michael Silver of the University of California, Berkeley (UCB) and their colleagues will investigate how acetylcholine (Ach), a major neuromodulator known to play a critical role in learning and memory, might differentially affect neural processing at the stages of encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. Rivastigmine a drug for treating Alzheimer's Disease, will be given to human subjects to increase Ach just before training (encoding), just after training (consolidation in the waking state), just before bedtime (sleep-dependent consolidation), and just before testing (retrieval). Brain electrical activity will be monitored using high-density electroencephalography (EEG) to characterize how different cortical regions are affected by both natural variations in ACH associated with sleep-wake cycles and by pharmacological treatment. Together, these experiments will provide the critical empirical data to test theories of learning and memory that take into consideration of dynamic changes in neuromodulationAcetylcholine has been associated with Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disease that affects over 5 million Americans. Better understanding of ACh's role in mechanisms of memory will help treat patients with the disease and also develop tools for enhancing healthy memory as well. A better understanding of neurochemical mechanisms of learning and memory will also help improve educational practice and applied training regimes, and investigations of the role of sleep in this project will help emphasize the importance of sleep in a society that has record low levels of sleep and impaired functioning due to poor sleep habits. Dr. Mednick and Dr. Silver will develop teaching modules and courses on the roles of sleep and acetylcholine and learning and memory as well as a course on sleep methods that will help train students to conduct research in this area. Finally, Dr. Mednick will present public lectures on the health benefits of sleep at local Hispanic-serving public hospitals and will work with the UCR Health Center to promote napping and healthy sleep habits in college students through Nap-Ins and other university-wide events.