SBP: Broadening Participation of STEM Faculty Through Work Design

对重要性和重要性的非技术描述工作设计在个人体验工作的方式中起着核心作用。工作的结构特征，如社会支持、决策自主权和感知意义，与工作满意度和留任率等结果呈正相关。然而，即使男性和女性占据相同的职位，工作特征的影响也会因性别而异。在教师工作的时间分配上也存在明显的差异：男性花在研究上的时间比女性多，而女性花在指导和服务上的时间更多。性别模式在STEM教师中尤为明显。虽然这些差异已经被充分记录下来，但我们对男女教师的工作经历为何会出现差异知之甚少。拟议的项目使用工作设计理论作为研究男女STEM教师工作经验和工作结果变化的视角，为帮助和阻碍STEM职业中代表性不足群体的结构性障碍提供新的见解。工作计划包括三波纵向面板设计调查，为期10天的日常经验抽样方法研究，一系列焦点小组访谈，以及对晋升和终身职位档案的档案审查。技术描述缺乏女性榜样阻碍了女性参与STEM职业；因此，在男性主导的STEM领域增加女性教师的数量是扩大女性参与STEM的关键。从理论上推导出的一组关系的发现将阐明组织内部自上而下和自下而上的过程之间复杂的相互作用，这些过程有助于个人和组织目标之间的一致性，并可能导致组织内部有效计划和干预的设计。预期的结果包括对女性STEM教师日常工作经历的更细致的理解，以及这些经历与男性同行的不同之处。研究结果还将揭示阻碍女性教师成功晋升和保留的微观过程。这项拟议的研究结合了多个科学领域的不同专业知识，努力将多学科视角应用于研究问题。研究结果将用于帮助告知和激励组织改变工作设计流程的方式，以促进女性在STEM领域的职业发展。资金将用于支持一名博士生研究员。博士生将获得研究项目管理经验，并参与与研究相关的产品（例如，会议报告；出版物）。本项目将为本科生提供研究经验，由博士研究助理指导。这些经历有助于培养具有科学素养的劳动力，因为参与研究的本科生报告了认知方面的收获，比如对自己从事科学研究的能力的信心增强，并学会了“像科学家一样思考和工作”。发展活动和经验将包括实验室会议和部门报告，学术文章讨论和书面发展计划。

Nontechnical Description of Significance and ImportanceWork design plays a central role in the way individuals experience work. Structural characteristics of jobs such as social support, decision-making autonomy, and perceived significance are positively associated with outcomes such as job satisfaction and retention. However, effects of characteristics of jobs vary across gender, even when males and females occupy the same position. Differences are also evident in time allocation on faculty jobs: males spend more time engaged in research than females, who put more time into mentoring and service. Gendered patterns are especially pronounced among STEM faculty. While such differences have been well documented, we have little understanding why the work experiences of male and female faculty diverge. The proposed project uses work design theory as a lens for investigating the variability in work experiences and job outcomes across male and female STEM faculty, providing new insight into structural barriers that help and hinder underrepresented groups in STEM careers. The plan of work includes a three-wave longitudinal panel design survey, a 10-day daily experience sampling method study, a series of focus group interviews, and an archival review of promotion and tenure files. Technical DescriptionLack of female role models discourages female participation in STEM careers; thus, increasing the number of female faculty in male dominated STEM fields is key to broadening participation of women in STEM. Findings from the theoretically derived proposed set of relationships will elucidate the complex interplay between top down and bottom up processes within organizations that contribute to alignment between individual and organizational goals and that can lead to the design of effective programs and interventions within organizations. Expected outcomes include a more nuanced understanding of the daily work experiences of female STEM faculty and how those experiences differ from their male counterparts. It is also expected that the findings will reveal micro level processes that inhibit the successful progression and retention of female faculty. This proposed research unites diverse expertise across several fields of science in effort to apply a multidisciplinary perspective to the research questions. The findings will be used to help inform and stimulate ways in which organizations can alter work design processes, in an effort to advance the careers of women in STEM. Funding will be used to support a doctoral student researcher. The doctoral student will gain research project management experience and be involved in products associated with the research (e.g., conference presentations; publications). The proposed project will also provide research experiences for undergraduates who will be supervised by the doctoral research assistant. Such experiences contribute to the development of a scientifically literate workforce in that undergraduates who participate in research have reported cognitive gains such as increased confidence in their ability to do science and learning to "think and work like a scientist." Developmental activities and experiences will include lab meeting and departmental presentations, scholarly article discussions, and written developmental plans.