Multiscale Interaction between Deep Convection, African Easterly Waves, and Kelvin Waves over the Atlantic, Africa and the Indian Ocean

本项目重点研究了非洲东风波、开尔文波与大西洋、非洲和印度洋不同类型的深层对流之间的多尺度相互作用。重点研究三个方面：(1)预警系统的产生及其对对流活动的影响；(2)不同类型的深层对流对预警系统维持、结构和传播特性的影响；(3)开尔文波变率及其与预警系统的相互作用。研究了一种研究波-对流相互作用的新方法，并对不同类型的深对流进行了综合分析。迄今为止未被认识到的对流系统组织变化，即一种类型的深对流向另一种类型的深对流的转换，将被认为是引发波活动的关键作用。该计划包括使用多个数据集：来自国际卫星云气候学项目的卫星观测、热带降雨测量任务多卫星降水分析和高分辨率再分析数据。本文将解决以下关键科学问题：(1)一种类型的深对流如何转变为另一种类型的深对流？决定这种转变的机制是什么？日循环和高地形在过渡过程中起什么作用？(2)非洲高原地区的预警和相关对流是如何变化的？aew的形成是如何随时间变化的？MCSs对预警系统有何影响？(3)开尔文波如何与AEWs相互作用，是什么决定了这种相互作用？(4)开尔文波活动对不同类型的深对流有何作用？该提案还具有重要的教育影响。这项研究将有助于增加来自弱势群体的学生的参与，并将加强北卡罗来纳农工州立大学（North Carolina A&T State University）的研究生大气科学项目，这是一所少数族裔服务机构。

This project focuses on an investigation of the multiscale interaction between African easterly waves (AEWs), Kelvin waves and different types of deep convection over the Atlantic Ocean, Africa and the Indian Ocean. The effort will focus on three research areas: (i) the initiation of AEWs and their role on convective activity, (ii) the impact of different types of deep convection on maintenance, structure and propagation characteristics of AEWs, and (iii) the Kelvin wave variability, including its interaction with AEWs. A novel way of investigating wave-convection interactions and presenting comprehensive analysis of different types of deep convection will be studied. Heretofore-unrecognized changes in convective system organization, i.e., switching of one type of deep convection to another, will be identified as playing a key role in initiating wave activity. The plan includes use of multiple datasets: satellite-based observations from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis, and high-resolution reanalysis data. The following key scientific questions will be addressed: (1) How does one type of deep convection transition to another type? What are the mechanisms that determine this transition? What is the role of diurnal cycle and high terrain in the transition process? (2) How do AEWs and associated convection vary across regions of high terrain in Africa? How does AEW-genesis vary in time? What is the impact of MCSs on AEWs? (3) How do Kelvin waves interact with AEWs and what determines this interaction? (4) What is the role of Kelvin wave activity on different types of deep convection?The proposal has also important educational impacts. This research will help increase the involvement of students from underrepresented groups and will enhance the graduate atmospheric science program at North Carolina A&T State University, a minority serving institution.