I-Corps: Practical and Provably Secure Random Number Generator

随机数是现代信息处理，特别是信息安全的重要资源。随机数生成器（RNG）在计算和通信设备中无处不在。然而，目前没有一个解决方案是完全令人满意的，破坏了数字安全的基础。因此，提高现有RNG的安全性对于保障一个繁荣安全的信息社会至关重要。 这项技术开拓了一个新的解决方案空间，代表了量子信息科学的首批具体应用之一，并有可能吸引更多公众对该领域的兴趣。随机性是普遍存在的，其应用涉及到许多领域。目标客户是一个经常使用随机数的企业，如果其随机性来源被证明不是随机的，他们可能会遭受巨大损失。两个例子可能是管理电子交易和赌博赌场的公司。 所提出的技术是基于量子物理的可认证的随机数发生器。该团队可以设计一种设备，它将产生随机比特，同时证明比特是随机的-即使对所使用的设备没有任何信任。这项技术的核心是这样一个想法，即对纠缠量子态的测量不能被任何经典过程伪造。基于这一原则，客户端可以基于关于设备操作的简单假设（具体地说，设备的两个单独组件之间不发生通信）完全信任发生器的输出。

Random numbers are vital resources for modern day information processing, especially for information security. Random Number Generators (RNGs) are ubiquitous in computing and communication devices. However, none of the current solutions is completely satisfactory, undermining the very foundation of digital security. Thus enhancing the security of the current RNGs is imperative for safeguarding a prosperous secure information society. The proposed technology exploits a new solution space, and represents one of the first concrete applications of quantum information science, and has the potential to draw even more public interest to the field. Randomness is universal, and its applications are across many fields. The target customer is a business which uses random numbers on a routine basis, and who has the potential for large losses if its randomness sources turn out to not be random. Two examples might be companies that manage electronic transactions and gambling casinos. The proposed technology is a certifiable random number generator based on quantum physics. The team can design an apparatus that will generate random bits while at the same certifying that the bits are random - even without any trust in the apparatus used. At the center of the technology is the idea that measurements on an entangled quantum state cannot be faked by any classical process. Based on this principle, a client can fully trust the outputs of the generator based on a simple assumption about the operation of the device (specifically, that no communication occurs between two separate components of the device).