STARSS: TTP Option: Small: A Quantum Approach to Hardware Security: from Theory to Optical Implementation

确保计算机硬件不被暗中恶意攻击的问题日益受到关注。随机数生成器（rng）的情况特别重要，因为随机数是信息安全的基础。在实践中，所有当前的解决方案都需要信任硬件，因此容易受到硬件攻击。本项目通过设计和实现一种新型可向用户证明其自身完整性的rng，探索了一种基于量子的硬件安全解决方案。该项目将研究几种设置下的随机生成：使用完美种子、使用弱种子和分布式密钥分发。我们的目标是以最少的假设实现高级别的安全性。该方法是基于贝尔不等式违反和建立在研究者以前的理论结果。该项目开发了数学分析和实验技术的新方法，以缩小理论与实践之间的差距。贡献包括证明量子安全性和克服实现贝尔违规的实际挑战的新见解和技术。这种新方法可以开拓一个新的应用领域，并为快速增长的量子信息技术产业培养早期的多元化从业者。

The problem of ensuring that computer hardware is not surreptitiously malicious is a growing concern. The case of random number generators (RNGs) is particularly important because random numbers are foundational to information security. All current solutions in practice require trusting the hardware, and are therefore vulnerable to hardware attacks. This project explores a quantum-based solution to hardware security by designing and implementing a new class of RNGs that can prove their own integrity to the user. The project will investigate randomness generation in several settings: using a perfect seed, using a weak seed, and distributed key distribution. The goals are to achieve a high level of security with a minimal set of assumptions. The approach is based on Bell inequality violations and builds upon the investigators previous theoretical results. This project develops new methods for both the mathematical analysis and experimental techniques in order to close the gaps between theory and practice. The contributions include new insights and techniques for proving quantum security and for overcoming practical challenges for realizing Bell violations. This new approach could pioneer a new application domain and train an early generation of diversified practitioners for the rapidly growing quantum information technology industry.