Research in High Energy Physics on the CMS Experiment

20世纪最重要的智力成就之一是粒子物理学标准模型（SM）的发展。这个模型成功地将当时已知的所有基本粒子划分为具有相似量子特性的等级。这个模型的有效性最近在瑞士日内瓦附近的欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）实验室的大型强子对撞机（LHC）上发现了希格斯玻色子，从而得到了证实。然而，目前存在的标准模型留下了许多关于宇宙的问题，包括为什么希格斯玻色子的质量具有它所具有的价值这样的基本问题。为了回答这些问题，有必要超越标准模型所描述的宇宙的现状，进入下一个发展阶段，即超越标准模型（BSM）。BSM物理学研究的问题包括：为什么物质在宇宙中支配着反物质；物质的基本成分、夸克和轻子的质量值；夸克和轻子之间混合的大小；以及暗物质的性质。大型强子对撞机目前是回答超越标准模型问题和研究希格斯玻色子性质的最重要的设备之一，而大型强子对撞机上的紧凑型介子螺线管（CMS）探测器的主要功能之一是发现超越标准模型的新物理。这里提出的工作将有助于必要的升级，以处理新重启的LHC的更高能量，并分析CMS实验的数据，通过寻找BSM物理的两个候选理论粒子，重荷电希格斯玻色子和所谓的Wprime粒子来寻找BSM物理。该奖项将资助CMS实验的两个方面：1)进一步寻找BSM物理；2)帮助构建CMS第一期前向像素探测器升级，这将增强CMS发现BSM物理的能力。该奖项支持的物理学研究是寻找Wprime和重荷希格斯粒子，这是BSM物理学的两个候选理论粒子。在这些通道中任何一个信号的存在都会对我们对粒子物理的理解产生深远的影响，而确定它的缺失将为标准模型之外的物理模型提供重要的约束。CMS Forward像素升级将允许所有物理研究所需的精确顶点定位，即使在不久的将来LHC运行中预期的恶劣环境（非常高的亮度）中也是如此。CMS前向像素检测器使用最先进的硅技术进行粒子检测，并结合同样复杂的读出电子设备。目前的探测器采用了辐射硬技术和碰撞键合的创新技术，以应对高辐射环境下的房地产挑战。这些技术将大大提高用于外层空间研究的探测器的寿命，并改进用于医疗应用的生物传感微型装置。

One of the major intellectual achievements of the 20th century was the development of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. This model succeeded in classifying all of the elementary particles known at the time into a hierarchy of groups having similar quantum properties. The validity of this model to date was recently confirmed by the discovery of the Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the CERN laboratory near Geneva Switzerland. However, the Standard Model as it currently exists leaves open many questions about the universe, including such fundamental questions as to why the mass of the Higgs boson has the value it has. To answer these questions it is necessary to go beyond the present picture of the Universe described by the Standard Model to the next phase of development, Beyond the Standard Model (BSM). Investigations in BSM physics probe such questions as why matter dominates over anti-matter in the Universe, the values of the masses of the fundamental constituents of matter, the quarks and the leptons, the size of the mixings among the quarks, and separately among the leptons, and the properties of dark matter. The LHC is currently one of the foremost facilities for answering Beyond the Standard Model questions and studying the properties of the Higgs boson, and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the LHC has as one of its primary functions to discover new physics beyond the Standard Model. The work proposed here will contribute to the upgrade necessary to handle the higher energy of the newly-restarted LHC and to analyze data from the CMS experiment to look for BSM physics through the search for two candidate theoretical particles for BSM physics, a heavy charged Higgs boson and the so-called Wprime particle. This award will fund two aspects of the CMS experiment: 1) further searches for BSM physics and 2) help build the CMS Phase I forward pixel detector upgrade, which will enhance the ability of CMS to discover BSM physics. The physics studies enabled by this award are the searches for Wprime and Heavy Charged Higgs, two candidate theoretical particles for BSM physics. The presence of a signal in any of these channels would have profound impact on our understanding of particle physics, while establishing its absence would provide important constraints on models of physics beyond the Standard Model. The CMS Forward pixel upgrade will allow the precise vertex location, needed for all physics studies, even in the harsh environment (very high luminosity) expected in near future LHC running. The CMS Forward Pixel Detector uses state-of-the art silicon technology for particle detection combined with equally sophisticated readout electronics. Innovative techniques of radiation hard technology and bump bonding have been used in the current detector to meet the real estate challenges in a high radiation environment. These techniques would greatly enhance the life span of detectors used in outer space research and improve bio-sensing miniature devices for medical applications.