Research in High Energy Physics on the CMS Experiment

高能物理CMS实验研究

• 批准号: 0906479
• 负责人: Neeti Parashar
• 金额: $ 34.1万
• 依托单位: Purdue University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0906479&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Research; Energy; Physics; CMS; Experiment

CMS stands for Compact Muon Solenoid: compact because it is "small" for its enormous weight, muon for one of the particles it detects, and solenoid for the coil inside its huge superconducting magnet. It is a high-energy physics experiment in Cessy, France, part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. CMS is designed to see a wide range of particles and phenomena produced in high-energy collisions in the LHC. Like a cylindrical onion, different layers of detector stop and measure the different particles, and use this key data to build up a picture of events at the heart of the collision. Scientists then use this data to search for new phenomena that will help to answer questions such as: What is the Universe really made of and what forces act within it? And what gives everything substance? CMS will also measure the properties of previously discovered particles with unprecedented precision, and be on the lookout for completely new, unpredicted phenomena. This search is carried out by detectors that consist of layers of material that exploit the different properties of particles to catch and measure the energy and momentum of each one. CMS was designed around getting the best possible scientific results, and therefore to look for the most efficient ways of finding evidence for new physical theories. This put certain requirements on the design. CMS needed: 1. a high performance system to detect and measure muons, 2. a high resolution method to detect and measure electrons and photons (an electromagnetic calorimeter), 3. a high quality central tracking system to give accurate momentum measurements, and 4. a "hermetic" hadron calorimeter", designed to entirely surround the collision and prevent particles from escaping. The CMS experiment is 21 m long, 15 m wide and 15 m high, and sits in a cavern that could contain all the residents of Geneva; albeit not comfortably. The detector is like a giant filter, where each layer is designed to stop, track or measure a different type of particle emerging from proton-proton and heavy ion collisions. Finding the energy and momentum of a particle gives clues to its identity, and particular patterns of particles, or "signatures", are indications of new and exciting physics. This project is directed toward requirement #2 above. The group will participate in the Forward Pixel Detector subsystem for the CMS. The main thrust of group's efforts will be in the commissioning of the Forward Pixel detector, establish the data-taking stable mode at the Remote Operations Center (ROC) and develop its geometry as the details of the upgrade are finalized, into the framework of CMS tracking software and perform its software alignment using reconstructed tracks. An educational outreach program will form a very essential component of these research efforts. It will involve undergraduate students from several disciplines, engineers, science teachers and high school students in this research at the cutting edge of technology.

CMS代表紧凑型Muon螺线管：紧凑是因为它的巨大重量很小，Muon代表它探测到的一个粒子，螺线管代表其巨大超导磁铁中的线圈。这是在法国塞西进行的高能物理实验，是欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机(LHC)的一部分。CMS的设计目的是观察大型强子对撞机中高能碰撞产生的广泛粒子和现象。就像圆柱形的洋葱一样，不同层的探测器会阻止并测量不同的粒子，并使用这些关键数据来建立碰撞核心事件的图像。然后，科学家们利用这些数据来寻找新的现象，这些现象将有助于回答这样的问题：宇宙到底是由什么组成的，在其中起作用的是什么力量？又是什么赋予了一切实质呢？CMS还将以前所未有的精度测量以前发现的粒子的性质，并寻找全新的、不可预测的现象。这种搜索是由探测器进行的，探测器由几层材料组成，利用粒子的不同性质来捕捉和测量每个粒子的能量和动量。CMS是围绕着获得可能的最佳科学结果而设计的，因此是为新的物理理论寻找最有效的证据的方法。这对设计提出了一定的要求。CMS需要：1.一个高性能的系统来探测和测量µ子，2.一个高分辨率的方法来探测和测量电子和光子(一个电磁量热计)，3.一个高质量的中央跟踪系统来给出准确的动量测量，以及4.一个完全封闭的“强子量热计”，旨在完全包围碰撞并防止粒子逃逸。CMS实验长21米，宽15米，高15米，位于一个可以容纳日内瓦所有居民的洞穴中；尽管不舒服。探测器就像一个巨大的过滤器，每一层都被设计成阻止、跟踪或测量质子-质子和重离子碰撞中产生的不同类型的粒子。寻找一个粒子的能量和动量给出了它的身份的线索，而粒子的特殊模式，或称“信号”，是新的和令人兴奋的物理学的迹象。该项目是针对上述需求#2的。该小组将参加CMS的前向像素探测器子系统。该小组的主要工作将是调试前向像素探测器，在远程操作中心(ROC)建立稳定的数据采集模式，并在升级细节最终确定时开发其几何结构，进入CMS跟踪软件框架，并使用重建的轨道执行其软件对准。教育外展计划将构成这些研究工作的一个非常重要的组成部分。这项研究将包括来自几个学科的本科生、工程师、科学教师和处于技术前沿的高中生。