EAGER: Developing an Application for Assessing Respondent Experiences of Their Surroundings in Real Time

居住隔离是美国不同人口群体面临的一个重要现实。然而，我们不知道这种隔离是否延伸到人们在日常生活中去的地方。我们也不知道每天去不同的社区旅行对个人和群体的影响，可能会增加或减少种族隔离。这项研究试图通过研究运动中的种族隔离来解决这些差距。S日常活动与邻里体验的关系。我们提出了三个基本问题：(1)人们每天去的地方是否因人口统计和他们居住的社区类型而有所不同？(2)不同的社会群体在日常生活中所去的地区是否在可获得的资源和社会多样性方面有系统的差异？(3)人们是怎么做的？他们对所去社区的体验，包括他们的受欢迎程度，以及他们如何看待获得资源的途径，会因他们的种族、民族、经济地位和所居住的社区类型而有所不同。为了解决这些问题，我们将在智能手机上实现并评估一款应用程序，用于收集人们移动和社区体验的“实时”信息。我们将评估使用智能手机应用程序获得即时显性和隐性（无意识）体验测量的可行性。将为一小部分受访者收集试点数据。我们将利用这些数据制定衡量流动隔离的措施，以及人们当下如何看待周围环境和所去地方的机会的指标。对应用程序的详细评估，它在该领域的使用，以及与选定样本进行合作的能力，将使我们能够确定在日常社会生活过程中收集动态数据的方法是否可以用于更大的代表性样本。使用尖端的移动技术来收集这些数据，将克服在使用调查或日常日记来衡量人们如何度过时间和体验周围环境的研究中出现回忆偏差的风险。这项研究将在几个重要方面产生广泛的影响。获取有关人们如何明确或含蓄地体验他们所访问的地方的数据，以及这些经验如何鼓励或阻止他们去某些地方，可以帮助制定政策干预措施，激励不同人口群体的联系。在本研究过程中开发的开源智能手机应用程序将与其他研究人员共享，以推进对社会，空间和认知过程之间联系的认识，并应具有广泛的应用，而不仅仅是日常生活中社会隔离的具体研究。

Residential segregation is an important reality for different demographic groups in the United States. Yet we do not know whether such segregation extends to the places where people go during the course of their daily lives. We also do not know how everyday travel to different neighborhoods affects individuals and groups in ways that might increase or diminish segregation. This research seeks to address these gaps by studying segregation in motion, throughout people?s daily routine activities in relation to neighborhood experiences. We ask three fundamental questions: (1) do the areas where people go during the course of their days vary demographically and by the type of neighborhood where they live?; (2) do the areas that different social groups go to during their days vary systematically in terms of their available resources and social diversity?; and (3) how do people?s experiences of the neighborhoods they go to, including how welcome they feel and how they perceive access to resources, vary by their race, ethnicity, economic status, and the type of neighborhood they live in? To address these questions, we will implement and evaluate an app for smartphones to collect "live" information on people's movement and neighborhood experiences as they happen. We will assess the feasibility of obtaining immediate explicit and implicit (nonconscious) measures of experiences in a place using the smartphone app. Pilot data will be collected for a small set of respondents. We will use these data to develop measures of mobile segregation and indicators of how people, in the moment, perceive their surroundings and opportunities in the places they go. Detailed evaluation of the app, its use in the field, and the ability to gain cooperation with the selected sample will allow us to determine whether the methods for collecting dynamic data during the course of everyday social life can be used in larger representative samples. Using cutting-edge mobile technology to collect such data will overcome the risk of recall biases in research that uses surveys or daily diaries to measure how people spend their time and experience their surroundings. This research will have broad impacts in a several important ways. Obtaining data on how people explicitly and implicitly experience the places they visit, and how those experiences encourage or discourage them from going to certain locales, can help inform policy interventions that incentivize contact across demographic groups. The open source smartphone app developed in the course of this research will be shared with other researchers to advance knowledge on the connections between social, spatial, and cognitive processes and should have broad application beyond the specific study of social segregation in daily life.