Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Identity Formation Within The Contexts Of Indenture And Slavery

在欧洲奴隶制和契约制度的殖民制度下，成千上万的移民劳工在全球各地流离失所。种植园农业的扩张和如此大规模的劳动力迁移对全球经济网络的发展至关重要，而在地方层面上，劳动力散居导致了新的克里奥尔文化的出现。由于经济原因，全球范围内的主要人口流动今天仍在继续，因此了解所涉及的长期过程具有当代意义。这项比较研究将奴隶和后奴隶时期的经历置于契约劳动制度的背景下，契约劳动制度与奴隶制度重叠并取代了奴隶制度。考古学的物质和空间性质非常适合研究劳动者的日常实践和经验，以及种植园是其中一部分的更大的区域网络。该项目将扩大目前对移民和散居人口的研究范围，考虑移民中的选择和对一个人流动性的看法如何影响正在进行的身份实践。参与跨国研究将为考古学家研究这些人口提供一个新的模型，有助于我们理解劳动力迁移的历史和物质含义，并阐明全球资本主义在印度洋地区的发展地点和方式。这项研究将在布拉德欧国家公园进行，这是毛里求斯岛上一个18 -19世纪的甘蔗种植园。作为对印度洋种植园遗址的首次大规模调查的一部分，该项目将为Bras d'Eau国家公园增加有形遗产价值，并向毛里求斯公众介绍考古学。学习历史和遗产的毛里求斯学生和公园工作人员将参与实地考察和文物分析，作为建立当地基础设施和知识的一种手段。这种曝光将通过对考古过程的教育，以及毛里求斯考古遗址揭示该岛过去隐藏方面的潜力，提高公众的科学素养和参与度。Julia Jong Haines，在弗吉尼亚大学Adria LaViolette博士的指导下，将研究被奴役和契约劳工的材料和空间如何反映不同的社会组织和实践，以及它们如何随着时间的推移而变化。奴役劳工（主要是东南亚人）和契约劳工（主要是南亚人）的日常生活有明显不同吗？劳工的故土对散居文化实践有何影响？劳工是如何参与当地和全球贸易和交换网络的？他们是否与家乡保持联系？通过考古调查、发掘、文献档案和口述历史研究收集的数据和材料将用于比较劳动者的日常生活消费模式，这些模式表明了饮食方式、个人和宗教习俗、家庭建筑和空间安排以及对国内和国际经济的参与。结合成熟的克里奥尔化模型和最近的跨国劳动力迁移研究，本研究将确定不同的劳动者在多大程度上实践了克里奥尔化的身份，并在创造新的克里奥尔化实践的同时保持了与祖国的联系。该项目将解开Bras d’eau多样化人口日常生活中创作和表达的复杂性，为毛里求斯遗产和侨民背景的比较考古学做出贡献。

Under the European colonial institutions of slavery and indenture, hundreds of thousands of migrant laborers were displaced across the globe. The expansion of plantation agriculture and such massive labor migrations were critical to the development of global economic networks, while on the local level labor diasporas resulted in the emergence of new creolized cultures. Since major movements of people across the globe for economic reasons continue today understanding long term processes involved is of contemporary relevance. This comparative study contextualizes slave and post-slave experiences within an indentured labor regime that overlapped and replaced it. Archaeology's material and spatial nature is well suited to investigate both the daily practices and experiences of laborers, as well as the larger regional networks of which plantations were a part. This project will extend the scope of current research on and among migrant and diaspora populations, considering how choice in migration and perceptions of one's mobility influence ongoing identity practices. Engaging with transnational studies will provide a new model for archaeologists examining such populations, contribute to our understanding of the historical and material implications of labor migrations, and illuminate where and how global capitalism developed in the Indian Ocean region. This research will take place in Bras d'Eau National Park, an 18th-19th-century sugar plantation on the island of Mauritius. As part of the first large-scale investigation into an Indian Ocean plantation site, this project will add tangible heritage value to the Bras d'Eau National Park, and introduce archaeology to the Mauritian public. Mauritian students studying history and heritage and park personnel will participate in fieldwork and artifact analysis as a means to build local infrastructure and knowledge. Such exposure will increase public scientific literacy and engagement by educating about the archaeological process, and the potential of archaeological sites on Mauritius to shed light on hidden aspects of the island's past.Julia Jong Haines, under supervision of Dr. Adria LaViolette, University of Virginia, will investigate how enslaved and indentured laborers' materials and spaces reflect different social organizations and practices and how they changed over time. Were the daily lives of enslaved (mostly SE African) and indentured (mostly South Asian) laborers markedly different? What difference did laborers' homelands make in diaspora cultural practices? How were laborers engaged in local and global trade and exchange networks, and did they maintain ties to their homelands? Data and materials collected through archaeological survey, excavations, and documentary archival and oral historical research will be used to compare laborers' daily life consumption patterns that indicate foodways, personal and religious practices, domestic architecture and spatial arrangements, and participation in domestic and international economies. Engaging with both well-established creolization models and recent transnational labor migration studies, this study will determine to what degree different laborers practiced creolized identities and maintained ties to homelands while also creating new creolized practices. Untangling the complexities of creation and expression in daily life among Bras d'Eau's diverse population, this project will contribute to Mauritian heritage, and comparative archaeologies of diaspora contexts.