Carbon Sedimentation In the Ocean Watercolumn (C-SNOW): Calibration

通过海洋生物碳泵的碳沉积(10pgC/年)对大气二氧化碳的调节很重要，但由于当前方法(系泊/船舶)的限制，在空间和时间上观察到的很少，因此了解得很少，因此在碳循环模拟中也没有得到很好的反映。目前对海洋生物碳泵强度的估计非常不确定。这个为期一年的项目将部署和校准低成本的机器人海洋剖面仪(CFEs)，这是为高频、大范围监测和预测海洋中的碳沉积铺平道路的必要步骤。项目科学家将与旧金山探索博物馆合作，加强公众对海洋碳循环和海洋机器人的了解。加州大学伯克利分校的本科生将作为实验室助理在课堂上接触到这项研究活动，并在海上亲身体验。CFE代表了海洋剖面浮标的集成？类似于作为ARGO计划的一部分被广泛部署在海洋中的那些？与加州大学伯克利分校/劳伦斯·伯克利国家实验室合作开发的光学沉积记录仪(OSR)。CFE潜入深度，OSR使用一个相机和三种照明模式来拍摄颗粒随时间积累在沉积物陷阱中的图像。定期取出样品，恢复成像。透射式、透射式交叉偏振透射式和侧式照明的使用允许三种量化样本加载模式，即测量样本衰减、样本交叉极化光子产额和样本反射率。该项目的具体目标是将样品负载的三个光学指标与颗粒有机碳、颗粒无机碳(也称为碳酸钙)和其他生物颗粒相的数量联系起来。因此，这一进展将展示碳通量探测器测量海洋中碳沉积强度的能力。在一个一年的项目中。加州大学伯克利分校的科学家和劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室和斯克里普斯海洋研究所的工程师将建造/改装2个碳通量探测仪，以便收集样本进行校准。这些和另外两艘CFE和一艘水面系留OSR将在加州海岸和近海水域的海洋考察期间共同部署。采集的样品将进行分析，并与同时采集的样品负载的光学指标进行比较。因此，该项目将实现其主要目标，即证明CFE可以测量海洋碳沉积强度作为深度、时间和海洋位置的函数，以一种迄今无法通过船只实现的方式。

Carbon sedimentation (10 Pg C/year) via the ocean biological carbon pump is important to the regulation of atmospheric CO2, yet is poorly observed in space and time due to limitations of current methodology (moorings/ships), and thus is poorly understood and consequently is poorly represented in carbon cycle simulations. Current estimates of the strength of the ocean biological carbon pump are highly uncertain. The one year project will deploy and calibrate low-cost robotic ocean-profiling current-following Carbon Flux Explorers (CFEs) which is a necessary step paving the way high frequency broad scale monitoring and prediction of carbon sedimentation in the ocean. Project scientists will work with the San Francisco Exploratorium to enhance public knowledge of the ocean carbon cycle, ocean robotics. UC Berkeley undergraduate students will be exposed to this research activity in the class-room, as laboratory assistants, and in hands-on experience at sea. The CFEs represent the integration of an ocean profiling float ? similar to those widely deployed in the ocean as part of the ARGO program ? with the UC Berkeley / Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory - developed Optical Sedimentation Recorder (OSR). The CFEs dive to depth and the OSR uses a camera and three modes of illumination to image particles over time as they accumulate in a sediment trap. Periodically the sample is removed and the imaging resumes. The use of transmitted, transmitted cross-polarized transmitted, and side illumination permits three modes of quantification sample loading as measured sample attenuance, sample cross-polarized photon yield, and sample reflectance. The project specifically aims to relate the three optical metrics of sample load to the amount of particulate organic carbon, particulate inorganic carbon (also known as calcium carbonate), and other biogenic particle phases. Thus, the development will demonstrate the ability of the Carbon Flux Explorer to measure the strength of carbon sedimentation in the ocean. In a one year project. Scientists at University of California, Berkeley and engineers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Scripps Institution of Oceanography will build/modify 2 Carbon Flux Explorers to enable the collection of samples for their calibration. These and two other CFEs and a surface tethered OSR will be co-deployed during an oceanographic expedition in California coastal and offshore waters. Collected samples will be analyzed and compared with the optical metrics of sample load, collected at the same time. The project will thus meet its major goal of demonstrating that the CFEs can measure the strength of ocean carbon sedimentation as a function of depth, time, and ocean location, in a way here-to-fore impossible to achieve from ships.