RAPID: Avoiding Secondary Disasters: Wastewater Treatment Design and (Re)construction during Large-Scale Disaster Response

1539775高墨西哥湾沿岸卡特里娜飓风的后果表明，流离失所的人口淹没了东道国社区的废水处理设施，可能对该地区的水道造成严重的环境影响。关于灾难后废水处理恢复快速反应的学术文献的呼吁在很大程度上没有得到回应。这项提案提供了获取约旦哈希姆王国阿兹拉克地区一个难民营废水处理反应数据的机会之窗，预计该难民营的人口将在明年从10 000人增加到100 000人以上。2014年12月，在该难民营安装了一个移动床生物膜反应器，用于废水处理。营地人数将大幅增加，而移动床生物膜反应器将投入使用。对这一史无前例的放大阶段的研究将填补移动床生物膜反应器的功能以及这些极端条件对操作员决策的响应方面的数据空白。在救灾过程中，例如对流离失所者的救灾，必须迅速作出基础设施决定，而且往往会导致错误的决定。有几个组织制定了有效(重新)施工(即在初始施工后调整到原始设计)的指导方针，方法是在完工后重新审查项目。这些努力是渐进的，主要侧重于描述性解决方案，很少考虑废水处理基础设施。事实上，当当地(宿主)社区污水处理设施无法容纳额外的流量时，坑式厕所和厕所是最常见的建议之一。然而，缺乏治疗使本已脆弱的人口面临水传播疾病的风险，并使当地地区面临长期环境影响的风险。因此，Azraq是一种独特的研究情况，在这种情况下，已经决定在许多处理系统设计参数未知的情况下使用现代废水处理技术，因此，知情和有组织的(重新)建设决策将是运营成功的关键。该项目将建立一个框架，协调比较实时、高压力操作下废水处理性能的决策框架。该项目结合了两个学科的进步，将研究通过决策过程的人驱动的行动与通过其环境质量衡量的对废水处理系统的影响之间的复杂关系。了解阿兹拉克难民营废水处理的交付情况将建立一个框架，可将其他灾害应对情况的研究与之进行比较。这个项目将引起广泛的兴趣，因为随着美国越来越多地参与，中东冲突正在获得更多的媒体报道，并将有助于教育普通公众在危机时期废水处理的重要性。华盛顿大学和约旦科技大学之间的合作将增加调查人员的国际合作。

1539775GoughThe aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in the Gulf Coast demonstrated the potential for severe environmental impacts to area waterways caused by displaced populations overwhelming wastewater treatment facilities in host communities. The call for scholarly literature on rapid response for wastewater treatment recovery after disasters has gone largely unanswered. This proposal addresses a window of opportunity for obtaining data on the wastewater treatment response in a refugee camp in the Azraq region of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, where the population is expected to swell from 10,000 to over 100,000 during the next year.A moving-bed biofilm reactor was installed for wastewater treatment at this camp in December 2014. The camp population will grow substantially while the moving-bed biofilm reactors will be brought on-line. Study of this unprecedented period of scale-up will fill a data void regarding both the function of moving-bed biofilm reactor, which are un-tested for extreme high loading conditions, and the response of these extreme conditions on operator decision making. During disaster response, such as this response to displaced persons, infrastructure decisions must be made rapidly and often lead to misinformed decisions. Several organizations have developed guidance for effective (re)construction (i.e. adjusts to the original design after initial construction) by revisiting projects after completion. Those efforts are incremental mainly focused on descriptive solutions, and have rarely considered the wastewater treatment infrastructure. In fact, pit toilets and latrines are among the most common recommendations for displaced populations when local (host) community wastewater facilities cannot accommodate the extra flow. However, lack of treatment places already vulnerable populations at risk of waterborne diseases and places the local area at risk of long-term environmental impacts. Thus, Azraq is a unique study situation in which decisions have been made to use modern wastewater treatment technologies in a situation where many of the treatment system design parameters were unknown so that informed and organized (re)construction decisions will be critical to operational success. This project will establish a framework for coordinated comparison of the decision making framework on wastewater treatment performance under real-time, high-stress operations. This project combines advancements in two disciplines and will examine the complex relationship between people driven actions through a decision making process and the impact on a wastewater treatment system measured by its environmental qualities. Understanding delivery of wastewater treatment at the Azraq refugee camp will establish a framework against which research into other disaster response situations can be compared. This project will be of broad interest, as the Middle East conflicts are gaining more media coverage with increased US involvement, and will help educate the general public on the importance of wastewater treatment in times of crisis. Collaboration between University of Washington and the Jordan University for Science and Technology will increase the international collaboration of the investigators.