EarthCube IA: Collaborative Proposal: LinkedEarth: Crowdsourcing Data Curation & Standards Development in Paleoclimatology

自然气候变率显著地调节着人为的全球变暖，只有古气候观测才能充分地限制它，而且，当许多记录被汇集在一起以提供对过去变率的空间理解时，这样的观测是最有力的。然而，目前还没有通用的方法在用户或机器之间共享古气候数据，这阻碍了集成和综合。大规模的国际古气候数据合成有着悠久而成功的历史，但一直是不必要的劳动密集型。认识到（1）古气候数据管理需要专业知识;（2）自上而下的数据管理方法是无效的;（3）现有的基础设施不能促进标准化;迫切需要一个灵活的平台，使众包数据管理和标准制定成为可能。该平台将与编辑和社区相结合，这将导致一个系统，有可能使广泛的用户基础参与地球科学数据管理。拟议的框架将降低参与地球科学的障碍，使更多的“暗数据”能够使用社区认可的协议加入公共领域。该试点项目将促进数百名古气候科学家的工作，加速科学发现及其成果向社会的传播。语义维基为语义语言和建立在开放Web架构上的基础设施提供了一个简单直观的界面。像传统的wiki一样，它们支持内容的协作创作。安全访问和有时间戳的内容还使用户能够跟踪变化和问责，以及具有公认专业知识的社区成员的审核能力。与传统维基相比，语义维基允许贡献者为他们的内容赋予意义，指定他们描述的对象之间的关系。这使得人工智能推理机能够解析、处理这些数据并将其转换为更有用的形式。该技术经过充分验证，可扩展，对用户完全透明，不需要计算机科学知识或比Web浏览器更复杂的技术。LinkedIn Wiki将自动将这些信息转换为链接开放数据，这是一种在Web上共享数据的通用格式。为了证明这个概念？的广泛适用性在古气候科学，该项目？的目标社区是PAGES 2k联盟，这是一个致力于共同时代气候的国际合作组织。社会技术将被开发，以推动集体策展，标准制定和社区本身的质量控制。该项目将展示对其他古地球科学的适用性，作为其他地球科学学科的潜在模板。

Natural climate variability signficantly modulates anthropogenic global warming, and only paleoclimate observations can adequately constrain it. Moreover, such observations are most powerful when many records are brought together to provide a spatial understanding of past variability. However, there is currently no universal way to share paleoclimate data between users or machines, hindering integration and synthesis. Large-scale, international, paleoclimate data syntheses have a long and successful history, but have been needlessly labor-intensive. Recognizing that (1) paleoclimate data curation requires expert knowledge; (2) top-down data management approaches are ineffectual; (3) existing infrastructure does not foster standardization; there emerges a critical need for a flexible platform enabling crowdsourced data curation and standards development.The platform will be combined with editorial and community-driven processes which will result in a system that has the potential to engage a broad user base in geoscientific data curation. The proposed framework will lower barriers to participation in the geosciences, enabling more "dark data" to join the public domain using community-sanctioned protocols. The pilot project will facilitate the work of hundreds of paleoclimate scientists, accelerating scientific discovery and the dissemination of its results to society.Semantic wikis provide a simple, intuitive interface to semantic languages and infrastructure that build on open Web architecture. Like traditional wikis, they enable the collaborative authoring of content. Secure access and time-stamped content also enable the tracking of changes and the accountability of users, as well as moderation capabilities by community members of recognized expertise. In contrast to traditional wikis, semantic wikis allow contributors to assign meaning to their content, specifying relationships between the objects they describe. This enables artificial intelligence reasoners to parse, process and translate these data into more useful forms. The technology is well-proven, scalable, and completely transparent to the user, requiring no computer science knowledge or more sophisticated technology than a web browser. The LinkedEarth Wiki will automatically translate this information into Linked Open Data, a universal format to share data across the Web. To demonstrate this concept?s broad applicability across paleoclimate science, the project?s target community is the PAGES2k consortium, an international collaboration dedicated to the climate of the Common Era. Social technologies will be developed to power collective curation, standards development and quality control by the community itself. The project will demonstrate applicability to other paleogeosciences, serving as a potential template for other geoscientific disciplines.