CRISP Type 2:Collaborative: Multi-scale Infrastructure Interactions with Intermittent Disruptions: Coastal Flood Protection, Transportation and Governance Networks

沿海社区的基础设施网络必须预测和应对由于海平面上升、潮汐力、风力和降水而出现的沿海淹没威胁。随着洪水事件变得更加频繁和严重，人类活动和服务受到干扰，包括交通、娱乐和经济活动。在这些社区中的许多社区，有关保护性基础设施和交通规划的决策是高度分散和可变的，包括当地业主，个别社区，县和地区，州，甚至联邦机构。其结果是一个高度多尺度的治理系统，其中决策者受到地方和区域互动的影响，同时管理定义海岸线和交通网络的多尺度和互动基础设施。该研究项目的重点是环境强迫与海岸线基础设施的相互作用如何破坏交通网络，以及这两个网络如何影响对基础设施进行规划决策的治理网络。在沿海洪灾的背景下，这项工作将深入了解治理机构和网络如何做好准备，或如何更好地做好准备，以便就基础设施规划和运营做出有效决策。了解城市化沿海社区的洪水威胁需要整合气候科学，沿海海洋学和流体动力学，交通工程和规划以及政治学。在这个关键弹性相互依赖的基础设施系统和过程（CRISP）合作研究项目中，这些学科将使用计算和经验方法来定义网络结构。其目标是研究基础设施和治理网络之间的多尺度相互作用的背景下，沿海淹没和洪水事件的破坏。交通网络的基本流体动力学和性质确保了空间和时间上的跨尺度互动，这必须成为区域和地方决策和治理的一个组成部分。通过使用最先进的流体动力学模型，将对海平面上升、海洋水位波动（包括潮汐）以及降水和径流造成的未来淹没情况进行预测。通过逆向建模方法，我们将确定基础设施项目对水位和洪水的本地和区域影响，这将与交通基础设施和区域治理网络的分析相联系。交通网络将进行分析，以确定短期中断的行程时间的淹没事件和长期的最佳资源分配在整个网络。洪水和交通网络结果中固有的空间结构将与地理定义的治理网络进行比较，以检查治理网络是否适合管理与未来洪水和相关交通中断相关的风险和行动。将对这三个基础设施网络（海岸线、交通和治理）之间的相互作用进行定量分析，以确定拓扑结构和流量的相似性以及每个网络对其他网络的影响。通过将这项关于相互作用的基础设施系统的研究应用于沿海洪水的现实问题，将创造一个机会，为社区积极应对海平面上升提供信息，包括关于交通和海岸线基础设施发展的决策。在旧金山弗朗西斯科湾区，将与气候准备研究所合作，通过一系列旨在为研究提供信息和交流研究成果的研讨会，与从业人员和管理人员建立联系。最后，研究的跨学科性质为年轻科学家提供了发展的绝佳机会。该项目将涉及2名博士后学者和3名研究生，他们将参与项目的各个方面，包括通过创建直接与地区从业人员联系的“CRI研究员”进行外联。

Infrastructure networks in coastal communities must anticipate and respond to the emerging threat of coastal inundation due to sea level rise, tidal forcing, wind events and precipitation. As inundation events become both more frequent and more severe, human activities and services are disrupted, including transportation, recreation and economic activities. In many of these communities, decision making about protective infrastructure and transportation planning is highly dispersed and variable, including local property owners, individual communities, counties and regional, state and even federal agencies. The result is a highly multi-scale governance system in which decision-makers are influenced by local and regional interactions, while managing the multi-scale and interacting infrastructure that defines the shoreline and the transportation networks. This research project focuses on how the interaction of environmental forcing with the shoreline infrastructure disrupts the transportation network, and how both of these networks influence the governance network that makes planning decisions about the infrastructure. In the context of coastal flooding, this work will provide insights into how governance institutions and networks are prepared, or can be better prepared, to make effective decisions about infrastructure planning and operation. Understanding the threat of flooding in urbanized coastal communities requires the integration of climate sciences, coastal oceanography and hydrodynamics, transportation engineering and planning and political science. In this Critical Resilient Interdependent Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISP) collaborative research project, these disciplines will be formally linked with one another using computational and empirical approaches to define the network structures. The goal is to examine multi-scale interactions between infrastructure and governance networks in the context of disruption by coastal inundation and flooding events. The underlying hydrodynamics and the nature of the transportation network ensure cross-scale interactions, both spatially and temporally, which must be a component of regional and local decision-making and governance. Through the use of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models, projections will be developed for future inundation due to sea level rise, oceanic water level fluctuations including tides, and precipitation and runoff. With an inverse modeling approach, we will determine the local and regional impacts of infrastructure projects on water level and inundation, which will link to analyses of both the transportation infrastructure and the regional governance network. The transportation network will be analyzed to define both the short-term disruption of travel times by inundation events and the long-term optimal resource allocation across the network. The spatial structures inherent in the inundation and transportation network results will be compared to the empirically-defined governance network to examine whether the governance network is well-suited to manage the risks and actions associated with future inundation and associated transportation disruptions. The interaction between these three infrastructure networks (shoreline, transportation and governance) will be quantitatively analyzed to establish similarities in topology and flow and the influence of each network on the others. By applying this research on interacting infrastructure systems to the real-world problem of coastal flooding, an opportunity will be created to inform communities' proactive preparation for sea level rise, including decision-making about both transportation and shoreline infrastructure development. In the San Francisco Bay Area, work will be done with the Climate Readiness Institute to connect with practitioners and managers through a series of workshops designed to inform the research and communicate research findings. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of the research provides an outstanding opportunity for young scientists to develop. The project will involve 2 postdoctoral scholars and 3 graduate students, who will be involved with all aspects of the project, including outreach through the creation of "CRI Fellows" who connect directly with area practitioners.