CRISP Type 2: Collaborative Research: Multi-scale Infrastructure Interactions with Intermittent Disruptions: Coastal Flood Protection, Transportation and Governance Networks

沿海社区的基础设施网络必须预测和应对由于海平面上升、潮汐强迫、风事件和降水造成的沿海淹没的新威胁。随着洪水事件变得越来越频繁和严重，人类活动和服务受到干扰，包括交通、娱乐和经济活动。在许多这样的社区中，关于保护性基础设施和交通规划的决策是高度分散和可变的，包括当地业主、个别社区、县和地区、州甚至联邦机构。其结果是一个高度多尺度的治理系统，其中决策者受到当地和区域相互作用的影响，同时管理定义海岸线和交通网络的多尺度和相互作用的基础设施。本研究项目的重点是环境压力与海岸线基础设施的相互作用如何破坏交通网络，以及这些网络如何影响制定有关基础设施规划决策的治理网络。在沿海洪灾的背景下，这项工作将有助于了解治理机构和网络如何做好准备，或如何更好地做好准备，以便就基础设施规划和运营做出有效决策。了解城市化沿海社区洪水的威胁需要综合气候科学、沿海海洋学和流体动力学、交通工程和规划以及政治学。在这个关键弹性相互依赖的基础设施系统和过程（CRISP）合作研究项目中，这些学科将使用计算和经验方法来定义网络结构，并将彼此正式联系起来。目标是在沿海淹没和洪水事件破坏的背景下，研究基础设施和治理网络之间的多尺度相互作用。潜在的流体动力学和交通网络的性质确保了空间和时间上的跨尺度互动，这必须成为区域和地方决策和治理的组成部分。通过使用最先进的水动力模型，将对由于海平面上升、包括潮汐在内的海洋水位波动以及降水和径流而造成的未来淹没作出预测。通过逆向建模方法，我们将确定基础设施项目对水位和淹没的局部和区域影响，这将与交通基础设施和区域治理网络的分析联系起来。对交通网络进行分析，以确定淹没事件对交通时间的短期中断和整个网络的长期最佳资源分配。将淹没和交通网络结果中固有的空间结构与经验定义的治理网络进行比较，以检查治理网络是否适合管理与未来淹没和相关交通中断相关的风险和行动。将定量分析这三个基础设施网络（海岸线、交通和治理）之间的相互作用，以建立拓扑和流量的相似性以及每个网络对其他网络的影响。通过将这一相互作用的基础设施系统的研究应用于现实世界的沿海洪水问题，将有机会为社区提供关于海平面上升的积极准备，包括关于交通和海岸线基础设施发展的决策。在旧金山湾区，我们将与气候准备研究所（Climate Readiness Institute）合作，通过一系列旨在为研究提供信息和交流研究成果的研讨会，与从业者和管理者建立联系。最后，该研究的跨学科性质为青年科学家提供了良好的发展机会。该项目将包括2名博士后学者和3名研究生，他们将参与项目的各个方面，包括通过创建“CRI研究员”来直接与地区从业者联系。

Infrastructure networks in coastal communities must anticipate and respond to the emerging threat of coastal inundation due to sea level rise, tidal forcing, wind events and precipitation. As inundation events become both more frequent and more severe, human activities and services are disrupted, including transportation, recreation and economic activities. In many of these communities, decision making about protective infrastructure and transportation planning is highly dispersed and variable, including local property owners, individual communities, counties and regional, state and even federal agencies. The result is a highly multi-scale governance system in which decision-makers are influenced by local and regional interactions, while managing the multi-scale and interacting infrastructure that defines the shoreline and the transportation networks. This research project focuses on how the interaction of environmental forcing with the shoreline infrastructure disrupts the transportation network, and how both of these networks influence the governance network that makes planning decisions about the infrastructure. In the context of coastal flooding, this work will provide insights into how governance institutions and networks are prepared, or can be better prepared, to make effective decisions about infrastructure planning and operation. Understanding the threat of flooding in urbanized coastal communities requires the integration of climate sciences, coastal oceanography and hydrodynamics, transportation engineering and planning and political science. In this Critical Resilient Interdependent Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISP) collaborative research project, these disciplines will be formally linked with one another using computational and empirical approaches to define the network structures. The goal is to examine multi-scale interactions between infrastructure and governance networks in the context of disruption by coastal inundation and flooding events. The underlying hydrodynamics and the nature of the transportation network ensure cross-scale interactions, both spatially and temporally, which must be a component of regional and local decision-making and governance. Through the use of state-of-the-art hydrodynamic models, projections will be developed for future inundation due to sea level rise, oceanic water level fluctuations including tides, and precipitation and runoff. With an inverse modeling approach, we will determine the local and regional impacts of infrastructure projects on water level and inundation, which will link to analyses of both the transportation infrastructure and the regional governance network. The transportation network will be analyzed to define both the short-term disruption of travel times by inundation events and the long-term optimal resource allocation across the network. The spatial structures inherent in the inundation and transportation network results will be compared to the empirically-defined governance network to examine whether the governance network is well-suited to manage the risks and actions associated with future inundation and associated transportation disruptions. The interaction between these three infrastructure networks (shoreline, transportation and governance) will be quantitatively analyzed to establish similarities in topology and flow and the influence of each network on the others. By applying this research on interacting infrastructure systems to the real-world problem of coastal flooding, an opportunity will be created to inform communities' proactive preparation for sea level rise, including decision-making about both transportation and shoreline infrastructure development. In the San Francisco Bay Area, work will be done with the Climate Readiness Institute to connect with practitioners and managers through a series of workshops designed to inform the research and communicate research findings. Finally, the interdisciplinary nature of the research provides an outstanding opportunity for young scientists to develop. The project will involve 2 postdoctoral scholars and 3 graduate students, who will be involved with all aspects of the project, including outreach through the creation of "CRI Fellows" who connect directly with area practitioners.