CPS: TTP Option: Synergy: Collaborative Research: Certifiable, Scalable, and Attack-resilient Submodular Control Framework for Smart Grid Stability

利用CPS域的固有物理结构可以产生经济上可行且高效的用于提供性能、控制、同步的新型算法，以及不完全依赖于密码学的CPS安全的替代方法。在这些系统中的每一个中，无论网络的当前状态如何，在存在干扰或敌对输入的情况下，都需要使系统达到期望的状态以用于网络的性能和控制。该项目提出了一种这样的新方法，观察到CPS应用包括智能电网、协调机器人、无人机编队飞行以及生物系统的同步(包括脑网络)都表现出相对于控制动作集的特殊物理结构，即子模块。子模块化是一种递减回报属性，它允许开发具有可证明的最优性保证的高效算法，并且在许多情况下，分布式版本是本地可实现的，因此是可扩展的。虽然它已经在机器学习和离散优化领域得到了广泛的应用，但在CPS的背景下使用子模块是一个很好的研究领域。该项目最初将子模块化应用于智能电网的环境，并展示了它如何能够带来更大的系统稳定性和攻击弹性。通过定义合适的度量来捕捉物理动力学背后的子模块结构，研究人员开发了算法，通过模拟消除了耗时和计算代价高昂的控制操作验证。这项工作中考虑的同步、收敛、健壮性和攻击弹性等基本属性具有横切应用于多个CPS域，这将受益于我们将研究和开发的子模块方法。

Exploiting inherent physical structure of the CPS domains can lead to economically viable and efficient novel algorithms for providing performance, control, synchronization and an alternate approach to CPS security that does not rely solely on cryptography. In each of these systems, regardless of the current state of the network, in the presence of disturbances or adversarial inputs, there is a need to bring the system to desired state for performance and control of the network. This project presents one such novel approach by observing that the CPS applications including smartgrid, coordinating robotics, formation flights in UAV, and synchronization of biological systems including brain networks all exhibit a special physical structure, namely submodularity, with respect to the set of control actions. Submodularity is a diminishing returns property that enables the development of efficient algorithms with provable optimality guarantees and in many cases distributed versions that are locally implementable, and hence scalable. While it has been widely used in the machine learning and discrete optimization communities, the use of submodularity in the context of CPS is a fertile research area. This project initially applies submodularity in the context of smart grid and show how it can lead to greater system stability and attack resilience. By defining suitable metrics that capture the submodular structures underlying the physical dynamics, the researchers develop algorithms that eliminate the time-consuming and computationally expensive verification of control actions through simulation. The fundamental properties of synchronization, convergence, robustness, and attack-resilience considered in this effort have crosscutting applications to multiple CPS domains, which will benefit from the submodular approach that we will research and develop.