PIRE: Building Extreme Weather Resiliency and Global Community Resiliency Through Improved Weather and Climate Prediction and Emergency Response Strategies

标题：PERE：通过改进天气和气候预测和应急战略建立极端天气抗灾能力摘要：极端天气抗灾能力要求改进天气和气候预测和应对战略，以加强对生命和财产的保护。在全球范围内，洪灾每年影响9600多万人，其中大多数发生在发展中国家，平均损失超过137亿美元。在美国，洪水平均每年造成89人死亡，损失82亿美元。在台湾，自2000年以来，洪水已造成近1000人死亡，损失超过128亿元新台币(新台币)。由于气候变化、人口增长以及极端天气事件的脆弱性和暴露程度增加，预计这些数字将会增长。通过国际一体化和跨学科的方法，美台帝国将调查和改进“端到端”天气和气候预报模式，加强对美国和台湾年轻科学家和未来领导人的教育，促进学生、科学家和从业人员之间的国际和文化交流，总体目标是加强应急解决方案和社会对威胁生命和财产的极端天气现象的适应能力。美台帝国-由奥尔巴尼大学、纽约州立大学(美国)、国立中央大学(台湾)、霍华德大学(美国)领导，国立台湾大学(台湾)和中央研究院(台湾)将努力应对以下挑战：(1)通过对过去极端事件的深入调查以及大规模全球环流模式和当地环境条件变化的影响，更好地量化区域范围内(特别是东亚和美国东北部)极端天气的趋势；(2)研究在区域范围内提供概率数值天气指导的新技术；以及(3)调查在极端天气事件期间，应急管理人员在了解和不了解概率天气预报和社区影响信息的情况下进行决策的有效性。此外，美台帝国将培养一批美籍台湾大气和社会科学家和实践者，他们拥有围绕极端天气和弹性的学科和跨学科学术和研究经验。具体地说，该委员会将：(1)培训下一代科学家和专家，他们具有交叉知识、技能，并了解区域气候和天气预报、风险决策和极端天气事件中的反应；(2)促进跨学科研究、培训和教育的文化，以促进对应对极端天气的复原力和应对方案的更多了解；(3)使美台帝国的国际一体化学术、研究和经验学习计划制度化；以及(4)推动美国和台湾本科生和研究生的全球化进程，将跨文化素养纳入PIRE的留学经历，并通过PIRE大学和从业者合作伙伴参与的机构间学术规划，扩大未被充分代表的群体的参与。

TITLE: PIRE: Building Extreme Weather Resiliency Through Improved Weather and Climate Prediction and Emergency Response StrategiesABSTRACT: Extreme weather resiliency demands improved weather and climate prediction and response strategies to strengthen the protection of life and property. Globally, flooding impacts over 96 million people per year, most within developing countries, at a mean cost of over $13.7 billion. In the United States, floods cause an average of 89 fatalities and $8.2 billion in damages each year. In Taiwan, flooding has led to nearly 1,000 fatalities and over $12.8 billion (NT) in damages since 2000. These numbers are expected to grow due to climate change, population growth, and increased vulnerability and exposure to extreme weather events. Through an internationally integrated and interdisciplinary approach, the US-Taiwan PIRE will investigate and improve "end-to-end" weather and climate prediction models, enhance the education of young US and Taiwanese scientists and future leaders, and bolster international and cultural exchange among students, scientists, and practitioners with the overarching goal of strengthening emergency response solutions and society's resiliency to extreme weather phenomena that threaten life and property.The US-Taiwan PIRE- led by the University at Albany, State University of New York (US), National Central University (Taiwan), Howard University (US), National Taiwan University (Taiwan) and Academia Sinica (Taiwan) - will strive to address the following challenges: (1) better quantify trends in weather extremes on a regional scale (particularly in East Asia and the northeastern United States) through in-depth investigations of past extreme events and influences from large-scale global circulation patterns and changes in local environmental conditions; (2) examine new techniques for providing probabilistic numerical weather guidance on a regional scale; and (3) investigate the efficacy of decision-making by emergency managers informed with and without probabilistic weather forecasts and community impact information during extreme weather events. Further the US-Taiwan PIRE will prepare a cadre of US-Taiwanese atmospheric and social scientists and practitioners with disciplinary and interdisciplinary academic and research experiences geared around extreme weather and resiliency. Specifically, the PIRE will: (1) train the next generation of scientists and experts with crosscutting knowledge, skills, and understanding of regional climate and weather prediction, risk decision-making, and response during extreme weather events; (2) foster a culture of interdisciplinary research, training, and education to advance a greater understanding of resiliency and response solutions in addressing extreme weather; (3) institutionalize the US-Taiwan PIRE's internationally integrated academic, research, and experiential learning programs; and (4) advance the globalization of US and Taiwanese undergraduate and graduate students by building cross-cultural literacy into the PIRE's study abroad experience and broadening the participation of underrepresented groups through inter-institutional academic programming involving PIRE universities and practitioner partners.