SBIR Phase I: Methods for Creating Passive Solar Window Film using Using Novel Dyes for Improved Energy Efficiency in Buildings

这项小型企业创新研究第一阶段项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力，将是在住宅和商业环境中，利用建筑窗户上的薄膜材料，开发一种有效的节能方法。在这个项目中创造的被动式太阳能薄膜涂层的窗户将有助于限制进入建筑物的红外线和紫外线的数量。这降低了建筑物内积累的热量，减少了对空调的需求。重要的是，这种方法既可以用于新建筑，也可以用于旧建筑。所提出的材料可以为空调节省高达50%的能源。在这个项目中使用的新工艺将花青素染料的热稳定性提高到300摄氏度，允许将这些染料掺入墨水、聚合物颗粒和薄膜中，以防止热降解。这种热稳定性将允许纳米材料被纳入高密度聚合物，如聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺和聚四氟乙烯，这将允许使用廉价的染料来利用增强的聚合物结构稳定性，以实现多功能和耐用的应用。这种染料比卟啉染料或溅射涂层铟锡氧化银金材料便宜得多，而且可能更容易加工成被动太阳能应用的功能性产品。该一期研究项目的技术目标是开发低成本、热稳定的有机染料，以吸收特定波长的紫外线和近红外，用于商业和住宅设施的窗户上的被动式太阳能应用。这将通过在有机染料碳基团链的末端添加一个官能团来实现，以便有策略地将染料与金属氧化物纳米颗粒结合。化学官能团位于侧链上，很容易通过简单的化学反应进行修饰，而且这种变化对发色团没有影响。能够过滤特定波长的光而不受干扰。这已经用几种具有不同结合化学官能团的模型染料化合物证明了。这些改性热稳定的有机染料，使他们能够生存的高温聚合物挤出而不需要有害的有机溶剂。研究目标包括通过熔融挤压将染料与ZnO纳米颗粒结合到聚合物中；在特定波长范围内吸收染料的研制和改进；模型染料与ZnO纳米颗粒的结合及光学和热稳定性的测定；放大电化学过程。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research Phase I project will be the development of an effective approach to energy reduction in residential and commercial settings using film materials on building windows. Windows coated with passive solar film created in this project will help limit the amount of infrared and ultraviolet light entering a building. This lowers the amount of heat accumulating within the building and reduces the need for air conditioning. Importantly, this approach can be used in both new buildings and old buildings. The proposed materials can yield up to 50% energy savings for air conditioning. The novel process used in this project enhances the thermal stability of cyanine dyes up to 300 degrees Celsius, allowing for incorporation of the these dyes into inks, polymer pellets and films with protection from thermal degradation. This thermal stability would allow the nanomaterial to be incorporated into high-density polymers such as polycarbonates, polyimides and Teflon, which would allow use of inexpensive dyes to take advantage of the enhanced polymer structural stability for versatile and durable applications. The dyes are significantly less expensive than the porphyrin dyes or sputter-coated Indium-Tin oxide-Silver-Gold materials, and are potentially simpler to process into functional products for passive solar applications. The technical objectives of this Phase I research project are to develop low-cost, thermally stabilized organic dyes to absorb specific wavelengths of ultraviolet and near-infrared for passive solar application on windows in commercial and residential facilities. This will be accomplished by adding a functional group at the end of an organic dye chain of carbon groups in order to strategically bind the dyes to a metal oxide nanoparticle. The chemical functional groups reside on side chains that are easily modified by simple chemical reactions, and the change has no effect on the chromophore so the dyes? ability to filter specific wavelengths of light are not disturbed. This has been demonstrated with several model dye compounds with various binding chemical functional groups. These modifications thermally stabilize organic dyes so they can survive high polymer extrusion temperatures without the need for hazardous organic solvents. The research objectives include the incorporation of dye bound to ZnO nanoparticles into polymers through melt extrusion; development and modification of dyes to absorb in specified wavelength ranges; binding of model dye(s) to ZnO nanoparticles and determination of optical and thermal stability; and scaling up the electrochemical process.