Doctoral Dissertation Research: Corporate Social Responsibility and the Transformation of Humanitarian Aid

从2001年到2010年，全球卫生项目的资金经历了一个快速增长期。自2010年以来，由于开发银行和政府捐助者的人道主义援助停滞不前，资金的年增长率陷入停滞。在这种金融格局下，私营（营利）部门越来越多地参与资助和实施旨在改善全球健康的方案。在某些情况下，跨国公司正通过其企业社会责任项目来填补地方政府的资金需求。这个项目训练研究生如何进行严格的实证科学实地考察，探讨私营部门越来越多地参与人道主义和发展项目在塑造公共卫生计划方面的作用，以及公民与公司和政府的关系。Clare Cameron在加州大学旧金山分校Ian Whitmarsh博士的指导下，审查了目前“公私伙伴关系”的趋势，即政府与私营部门之间的合作，作为全球卫生干预的新模式。虽然私营部门为国际发展项目做出贡献的历史可以追溯到20世纪初，但其目前在塑造全球卫生计划方面的作用和影响在很大程度上尚未得到分析。本研究以印度尼西亚西巴布亚的一个矿业社区为背景，探讨了公共卫生项目私有化这一举措的含义，并提出以下问题：私营部门在提供公共服务方面日益重要的作用如何影响公民与政府的新关系？当主要负责公共服务资金的是一家公司，而不是政府时，人们对私营部门会产生什么新的期望？由于西巴布亚的跨国矿业公司为当地社区的绝大多数卫生服务提供资金，这个地点处于独特的位置，可以回答这些问题。研究人员将采用参与观察的人类学方法加入一个非政府组织的公共卫生小组，该小组与地方政府协调，实施由矿业公司资助的综合社区卫生服务。研究人员还将在两个土著拥有土地的社区进行访谈，这些社区是企业社会责任努力的利益相关者。该项目将产生更广泛的影响，因为全球和国内的卫生政策越来越依赖公私伙伴关系，而这些合作的潜在长期影响尚未得到很好的了解。因此，预计该项目的成果将影响慈善家、跨国公司和卫生专业人员如何理解当代全球人道主义和国际发展做法的影响。

Funding for global health programs experienced a period of rapid growth from 2001-2010. Since 2010, the annual rate of funding growth has plateaued as humanitarian aid from development banks and governmental donors stagnates. In this financial landscape, the private (for-profit) sector has become increasingly involved in funding and implementing programs designed to improve global health. In some cases, multinational companies are stepping in to fill local governmental funding needs through their corporate social responsibility programs. This project, which trains a graduate student in how to conduct rigorous empirically-grounded scientific fieldwork, explores what role the private sector's increasing involvement in humanitarian and development projects has had in shaping public health programs and the relationship that citizens have to corporations and governments. Clare Cameron, under the supervision of Dr. Ian Whitmarsh of the University of California, San Francisco, examines the current trend toward 'public-private partnerships', collaborations between government and the private sector, as the new model for global health interventions. While the private sector's history of contributing to international development projects can be traced back to the early twentieth century, its current role and influence in shaping global health programs has gone largely unanalyzed. This research explores the implications of this move toward the privatization of public health projects in the context of a mining community in West Papua, Indonesia to ask: How does the increasing role of the private sector in providing public services influence how citizens newly relate to government? What new expectations of the private sector arise when a company, rather than government, is principally responsible for funding public services? As the multinational mining company in West Papua funds the overwhelming majority of health services for the local community, this site is uniquely situated to answer these questions. The researcher will use anthropological methods of participant-observation to join the public health team of a non-governmental organization that coordinates with local government to implement comprehensive community health services funded by the mining company. The researcher will also conduct interviews in two indigenous land-owning communities that are stakeholders in corporate social responsibility efforts. This project will have broader impacts as health policies, both global and domestic, increasingly rely on public-private partnerships, and the potential long-term effects of these collaborations are not well understood. Results from this project are, thus, expected to influence how philanthropists, multinational corporations, and health professionals understand the impacts of contemporary practices of global humanitarianism and international development.