Documenting the endangered Indonesian language of the Baduy Dalam

在分离了四个多世纪后，密切相关的语言的结构特征是什么？ 这些语言有哪些共同点，又有哪些不同之处？ 记录和研究复杂性，特别是在句法（“句子结构”）中，增加了我们对特定语言以及密切相关的语言中复杂属性的理解。 虽然山脉或水体造成的隔离是一个变量，但这项研究通过记录一个在16世纪世纪隐居的社区的讲话，在完全不同的背景下提出了这些问题。 随着该地区语言和社会景观的迅速变化，现在迫切需要记录这个孤立地区的语言，而仍然有发言者。 研究这种语言变体的语法将显示它在结构上与相关语言的相似性和不同性，并有助于了解同一家谱中语言之间的关系。该项目将对爱荷华州大学的研究生和本科生进行语言文献、数字文件管理、语言实地考察和语言科学研究方法方面的尖端技术和方法培训。 收集和分析公开存档的各种语言材料将产生对依赖语言相关材料的其他学科具有学术意义的数据（人类学、生物学、历史学、地理学），同时增加我们对这种语言及其亲属的独特方面的科学知识。爱荷华州大学的威廉·戴维斯领导了一项国际合作，与印度尼西亚教育大学的研究人员，这是一个大约1170人的小群体，居住在印度尼西亚爪哇岛的一个偏远地区。该团队将记录自然语音（叙述和对话）和词汇项目，以制作Baduy Dalam语音的音频和视频转录语料库，词典（特别关注文化独特的概念）和语法草图。记录、数据文件和现场记录将存档在爱荷华州大学和太平洋和地区濒危文化数字资源档案馆，供其他研究人员和公众查阅。更广泛的影响包括制作印刷和录像材料，供Baduy直接使用，作为语言和文化教育资源。巴杜伊达兰语在语言学上的重要性部分是由于其句法如何体现南岛语族的“语态”系统，其中涉及谓词（例如“主语”和“宾语”）如何在基于动词和句子类型的句子中形成模式。这些结果将有助于理解世界第二大语系南岛语系的微观句法变异。因此，这些影响对于类型学、句法和变异的语言学研究非常重要，特别是句法的微观变异，在许多情况下，这些变异集中在更大的世界语言，如英语，或印欧语系的亚群，如意大利语、西班牙语和密切相关的罗曼语。该项目还将为研究生提供国际研究和培训机会，并将促进美国和印度尼西亚学术机构之间的新的国际合作。 NSF国际科学和工程办公室正在为与该项目有关的国际活动提供支持。

What are the structural properties of closely related languages when separated for more than four centuries? What kinds of properties do these languages share and where do they diverge? Documenting and studying the intricacies, particularly in syntax ("sentence structure"), increases our understanding of the complex properties in a particular language as well as in closely related languages. While isolation caused by mountains or bodies of water has been one variable, this study asks these questions in an entirely different context by documenting the speech of a community that went into seclusion in the 16th century. With rapid change in the area in the linguistic and social landscape, there is urgency to document the language of this isolated area now, while there are still speakers. Investigating the grammar of such a language variety will show how it is both structurally similar to and different from related languages and contributes to the knowledge of relationships between languages in the same family tree. The project will train University of Iowa graduate and undergraduate students in cutting-edge technologies and methods for language documentation, digital file management, linguistic fieldwork and research methods in the language sciences. The collection and analysis of a publicly archived, wide variety of language materials will generate data of scholarly interest to other disciplines that depend on language-related material (anthropology, biology, history, geography), while increasing our scientific knowledge of the unique aspects of this language and its relatives.William Davies of the University of Iowa leads an international collaboration with researchers at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, teaming up to document the language of the Baduy Dalam 'Inner Baduy,' a small group of about 1170 living in a remote area on the island of Java in Indonesia. The team will record natural speech (narratives and conversations) and lexical items to produce an audio and video transcribed corpus of Baduy Dalam speech, a dictionary (with special focus on culturally distinctive concepts), and a grammar sketch. Recordings, data files, and field notes will be archived at the University of Iowa and the Pacific and Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures, where they will be accessible to other researchers and the general public. Broader impacts include producing print and video materials for direct use by the Baduy as linguistic and cultural education resources. Baduy Dalam is of linguistic importance in part due to how its syntax manifests the Austronesian 'voice' system, which involves how predicates (e.g. "subjects" and "objects") pattern in sentences based on the verb and sentence type. These results will contribute to understanding of the micro-syntactic variation in the Austronesian language family, the second largest language family in the world. The implications are thus important for typology, syntax, and linguistic studies of variation, especially the micro-variations in syntax, which have in many cases focused on larger world languages, like English, or Indo-European language subgroups, like Italian, Spanish and closely related Romance languages. This project will also support international research and training opportunities for a graduate student and it will stimulate new international collaborations between U.S. and Indonesian academic institutions. The NSF Office of International Science and Engineering is providing support for international activities associated with this project.