Doctoral Dissertation Research: A reference grammar of Potawatomi, A Native American language

构成一门语言的最低限度科学文献的基本要素包括参考语法、词典和带有翻译和语言分析的转录叙述。参考语法构成了一组更全面、更详细的解释，并涉及广泛的语言分析，因此，描述一种语言模式的最初初步尝试通常会产生一个简短的描述，称为“草图”，随后在科学研究之后发表参考语法。在某些情况下，语言学家制定了草图，但从未回过头来发表参考语法，从而在文档中造成了很大的空白。在20世纪上半叶，许多被描述和分析的语言都是这样，包括波塔瓦托米语（也被称为bodw<s:1> wadmimwen或bodw<s:1> wadmimwen），一种极度濒危的阿尔冈昆语。美国国会于1990年通过了《美洲原住民语言法案》，将承认美洲原住民语言的独特地位和重要性制定为政策。据估计，今天只有不到10人能说流利的波塔瓦托米语，而且都是老年人。为振兴语言作出了相当大的努力，但是训练高级讲话者的材料却很短缺。该项目将资助论文研究，将产生参考语法的Potawatomi。该项目的更广泛影响包括，通过为语言教师和学生提供示例驱动的数字语法演示版本，使计划的文档对语言学家和社区成员都有用。在这个论文项目中，博士生亨特·洛克伍德将研究并产生自查尔斯·霍克特1939年在他自己的论文中对该语言的草图以来的第一个波塔瓦托米语法。霍克特的数据经常被引用到理论语言学中；本论文将增加语言对语言科学的贡献的深度和广度。例如，几乎没有关于Potawatomi语法或语义的工作；本文将填补文献记录的空白。这反映了森林县波塔瓦托米社区和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校之间的持续合作。这两个机构之前的合作，也得到了美国国家科学基金会濒危语言记录项目的资助，已经产生了一本双语词典和一个转录故事和自然语言的语料库。因此，论文研究将利用依靠现代数字工具的方法来构建和分析语料库中收集的大型语言数据集，并在分析中整合语料库和词典中的数据。

The essential elements that constitute the minimal scientific documentation of a language include a reference grammar, a dictionary, and transcribed narratives with translations and linguistic analysis. Reference grammars constitute a more comprehensive, highly detailed set of explanations and involve extensive linguistic analysis, so often the initial preliminary attempts at describing a language's patterns result in a short description known as a "sketch," with a later publication of a reference grammar following subsequent scientific research. In some cases, linguists develop the sketch but never circle back to publish that reference grammar, creating a large gap in the documentation. This is the case for numerous languages that were described and analyzed in the first half of the twentieth century, including Potawatomi (also called Bodéwadmimwen or Bodwéwadmimwen), a critically endangered Algonquian language. The Native American Languages Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1990, enacted into policy the recognition of the unique status and importance of Native American languages. It is estimated that there are less than 10 fluent native speakers of Potawatomi today, all elderly. Considerable effort is being made towards language revitalization, but materials for training advanced speakers are in short supply. This project will fund dissertation research that will produce a reference grammar for Potawatomi. Broader impacts of the project include making the planned documentation will be useful to both linguists and community members, by producing an example-driven, digital presentation version of the grammar for language teachers and students.In this dissertation project, doctoral student Hunter Lockwood will research and produce the first grammar of Potawatomi since Charles Hockett's 1939 sketch of the language in his own dissertation. Data from Hockett are often cited in theoretical linguistics; this dissertation will add depth and breadth to the contribution the language can make to linguistic science. For example, almost no work has been done on Potawatomi syntax or semantics; this dissertation will fill those gaps in the documentary record. This reflects the continued collaboration between the Forest County Potawatomi Community and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Previous collaboration between these two institutions, also with funding from the National Science Foundation's Documenting Endangered Languages Program, has resulted in a bilingual dictionary and a corpus of transcribed stories and natural speech. As a result, the dissertation research will utilize methods relying on modern digital tools for building and analyzing large sets of language data collected in a corpus, integrating data from the corpus and dictionary in the analysis.