CRII: CPS: Design of Secure and Dependable Next Generation Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems

下一代汽车将进一步推动电子控制单元（ECU）的普及，以实现新的令人兴奋的控制和信息娱乐应用。虽然电子嵌入式系统的使用为客户提高了性能、驾驶舒适性、安全性和经济性，但汽车系统的这种电子控制使这些系统容易受到永久性、瞬时性和间歇性电子故障的影响，这会显著降低这些系统的可靠性和可用性。此外，最近的工作表明，现代汽车控制系统的安全攻击，直接影响汽车的物理安全性和可靠性的脆弱性。该研究计划的新颖之处在于同时整合安全性和可靠性，同时最大限度地降低能耗并确保不违反应用程序的实时约束。该项目中提出的可靠性和安全性方法也适用于其他CPS，如运输车辆、工业自动化、有人驾驶和无人驾驶飞行器以及医疗监控。节能安全性和可靠性集成，在这项研究计划中所追求的，进一步意味着更高的燃油效率的内燃机车辆（特别是飞行器）和更长的电池寿命的混合动力和电动汽车。为了解决研究的挑战，同时安全性和可靠性集成，同时最大限度地减少能源消耗，该研究计划建议利用多核ECU以低能耗实现汽车安全关键功能的高可靠性。该研究计划包括两个模块化但相互关联的推力。在第一个推力中，该项目旨在开发一种新的可靠性方法，通过比较点和轻量级检查点的优化组合来实现快速错误检测和纠正（QEDC），以更好地满足应用程序的实时约束，即使在存在故障的情况下。所提出的可靠性方法渴望通过智能使用动态电压和频率缩放（DVFS）来实现节能容错。第二个目标是开发一种集成的安全和安全方法，该方法将以节能的方式集成安全原语：车辆网络的机密性，完整性和认证，而不会违反网络物理应用程序的最大可容忍响应时间所施加的实时约束。该项目还旨在调整安全和安保参数（例如，用于QEDC的比较点的数量、检查点的数量、用于密码算法和消息认证码的密钥长度）以满足在变化的环境激励下的应用的实时要求（例如，瞬时故障率和车辆总线负载）。

The next generation of automobiles will further escalate the proliferation of electronic control units (ECUs) to enable new and exciting control and infotainment applications. Although the use of electronic embedded systems improves performance, driving comfort, safety, and economy for the customer; this electronic control of automotive systems makes these systems susceptible to permanent, transient, and intermittent electronic failures, which can significantly reduce the reliability and availability of these systems. In addition, recent work has demonstrated vulnerability of modern car control systems to security attacks that directly impact the automobile's physical safety and dependability. The novel aspect of this research program is the simultaneous integration of security and dependability while minimizing energy consumption and ensuring that real-time constraints of the application are not violated. The dependability and security approaches proposed in this project are also applicable to other CPS, such as transit vehicles, industrial automation, manned and unmanned air vehicles, and medical monitoring. Energy-efficient security and dependability integration, as pursued in this research program, further implies greater fuel-efficiency for combustion engine vehicles (in particular, aerial vehicles) and longer battery lifer for hybrid and electric vehicles.To address the research challenge of simultaneous security and dependability integration while minimizing energy consumption, this research program proposes to leverage multicore ECUs to achieve high reliability with low energy-overhead for automotive safety-critical functions. The research program consists of two modular but inter-linked thrusts. In the first thrust, the project aims to develop a novel dependability methodology that would enable quick error detection and correction (QEDC) via an optimized combination of comparison-points and lightweight checkpointing to better meet the application's real-time constraints even in the presence of faults. The proposed dependability methodology aspires to attain energy-efficient fault tolerance by an intelligent use of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). The second thrust aims to develop an integrated safety and security methodology that would integrate security primitives: confidentiality, integrity, and authentication over vehicular networks in an energy-efficient manner without violating the real-time constraints imposed by the maximum tolerable response time of cyber-physical applications. The project further aims to adapt safety and security parameters (e.g., number of comparison points for QEDC, number of checkpoints, key lengths for cryptographic algorithms and message authentication codes) to meet the application's real-time requirements under changing environmental stimuli (e.g., transient fault rate and vehicular bus load).