Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Addressing Poverty.

社会企业家精神——被广泛理解为利用市场原则来满足社会需求——对遏制全球贫困和社会排斥提出了很高的期望。然而，尽管对社会企业家精神的关注令人印象深刻，但令人惊讶的是，人们对它在解决社会问题方面何时、如何以及为何成功或失败知之甚少。除了学者们感兴趣的理论贡献之外，该项目还对不断扩大的地区、国家和超国家机构有潜在的影响，这些机构在面临公共资金短缺和日益严重的社会经济不平等的情况下转向了社会企业家精神。研究结果可能为根据当地需求、机会和权力结构调整社会创业政策提供有价值的见解，并确定何时可以利用替代（或额外）行为者和倡议来解决贫困和社会排斥问题。本文使用混合方法来研究帮助和/或阻碍社会企业家精神解决贫困和社会排斥的因素和机制。实证背景是巴黎及其周边“郊区”（banlieues）的社会企业家精神，这些社区以不成比例的贫困、失业和其他形式的排斥为特征。第一部分使用国家层面的定量数据（根据组织形式和企业概况选择的1033家法国社会企业的原始数据集）来调查社会企业家/企业在经济生存和社会使命方面成功或失败的条件。利用事件历史分析（2002-2015），该项目根据社会企业的地理位置、活动部门、创始人和社区特征以及商业和社会组织使命，分析了社会企业的成立和存活率。第二部分依靠半结构化访谈来调查不同的参与者如何构建社会企业家成功、失败和影响的意义，以及限制社会企业家减少社区社会排斥的能力的机制。访谈对象是法国法兰西岛地区的三组行动者：(1)社会企业的创始人/现任董事，(2)为社会企业家和企业提供支持（如财务、培训、指导、网络）的组织的战略董事，以及(3)“不成功”的社会企业家，他们有创业想法，但最终没有成立组织和/或其社会企业在成立一年内解散。访谈从法语转录和翻译，首先归纳分析，然后系统地使用定性编码软件（Atlas.ti）。来自Atlas的定量数据集、发现、代码本和汇总汇总数据。报告将向公众提供，而执行摘要将提供给每个参与组织/个人以及感兴趣的决策者和公共机构。

SES-1602784Brayden KingNevena RadoynovskaNorthwestern UniversitySocial entrepreneurship - broadly understood as the use of market principles to address social needs - has raised high expectations for curbing global poverty and social exclusion. Yet, despite impressive growth in attention to social entrepreneurship, surprisingly little is known about when, how and why it succeeds or fails in addressing social problems. Beyond theoretical contributions of interest to scholars, the project has potential implications for the expanding regional, national and supranational institutions that have turned to social entrepreneurship in the face of scarce public funding and growing socio-economic inequalities. Study findings could possibly offer valuable insights for tailoring social entrepreneurship policies to local needs, opportunities, and power structures, as well as for identifying when alternative (or additional) actors and initiatives might be leveraged to address poverty and social exclusion.This dissertation uses mixed methods to investigate the factors and mechanisms that help and/or hinder social entrepreneurship in addressing poverty and social exclusion. The empirical context is social entrepreneurship in Paris and its surrounding 'banlieues' - communities marked by disproportionate levels of poverty, unemployment and additional forms of exclusion. Part I uses national-level quantitative data (an original dataset of 1033 French social enterprises selected on the basis of organizational form and entrepreneurial profile) to investigate the conditions under which social entrepreneurs/enterprises succeed or fail in terms of their economic survival and social mission(s). Using event history analysis (2002-2015), the project analyzes the founding and survival rates of social enterprises based on their geographic location, sector of activity, founder and community characteristics, and commercial and social organizational missions. Part II relies on semi-structured interviews to investigate how different actors construct the meaning of success, failure and impact in social entrepreneurship, and the mechanisms that limit SE's ability to reduce social exclusion in communities. Interviews are conducted with three groups of actors in the Ile-de-France region of France: (1) founders/current directors of social enterprises, (2) strategic directors of organizations providing support (e.g., financial, training, mentorship, networking) to social entrepreneurs and enterprises, and (3) "unsuccessful" social entrepreneurs who had an entrepreneurial idea but did not ultimately found an organization and/or whose social enterprise was dissolved within a year of establishment. Interviews are transcribed and translated from French, analyzed first inductively, then systematically using qualitative coding software (Atlas.ti). The quantitative dataset, findings, codebook, and aggregate summary data from Atlas.ti will be made available to the public, while executive summaries will be provided to each participating organization/individual as well as interested policy-makers and public institutions.