EAPSI: Using Genetics to Compare Olfactory Imprinting Ability in Hatchery and Wild Salmon from the Pacific Northwest

该奖项支持研究比较孵化场和野生鲑鱼的嗅觉印记能力，来自美国太平洋西北地区的俄勒冈州。 在过去的十年里，由于日本和美国的严厉管理和崇高的保护目标，孵化场饲养的鱼类和野生鱼类之间的冲突已经达到了高潮。 鲑鱼物种在文化上重要，经济上重要，科学上重要，在某些地方挣扎或更糟的是消失。 虽然日本和美国对鲑鱼的价值有不同的现代观点，但两国传统上都使用孵化系统管理鲑鱼，今天面临着类似的问题。这项研究将支持正在进行的努力，以了解鲑鱼嗅觉系统的潜在机制，因此，归巢行为策略。 这项研究将与上田博士合作进行，上田博士在日本札幌的北海道大学领导一个世界知名的实验室，他专注于鲑鱼嗅觉归巢方法的研究。这项研究将基于上田实验室先前关于大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus凯塔）嗅觉印记和归巢中激素参与的研究。所用的奇努克鲑鱼（Oncorhynchus tshawytscha）标本将在出发前从俄勒冈州西部的溪流和水库中获得。 使用来自包括嗅球、端脑和下丘脑的制备的脑的信息，测量关于促甲状腺激素释放激素（TRHa/B）和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（NR 1）的必需亚基的基因表达水平的数据。 TRH水平已被证明在下游迁移到海洋中增加，NR 1的表达水平较高，与增加流气味的辨别能力，在一些青少年鲑鱼原产于日本。这项研究将允许比较这些发现的结果，从鲑鱼物种原产于美国太平洋海岸。东亚和太平洋夏季研究所计划下的这个奖项支持美国研究生的夏季研究，由NSF和日本科学促进会共同资助。

This award supports research to compare olfactory imprinting abilities of hatchery and wild salmon from the state of Oregon in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The conflict between hatchery-raised fish and wild-origin fish has reached a crescendo in the last decade due to the heavy-handed management and lofty conservation goals both in Japan and the United States. Salmonid species are culturally important, economically important, scientifically important and struggling or, worse, disappearing in some locations. Although Japan and the United States have different modern views of the value of salmon, both countries have traditionally managed salmon using hatchery systems and face similar issues today. This study will support an ongoing effort to understand the underlying mechanisms in salmonid olfactory systems and, therefore, homing behavior strategies. This research will be conducted in collaboration with Dr. Hiroshi Ueda who leads a world-renowned lab at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan where he focuses on the study of salmon olfactory homing methods. The study will be based on previous research in the Ueda lab on the involvement of hormones in olfactory imprinting and homing in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). The Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) specimens to be used will be obtained from Western Oregon streams and reservoirs prior to departure. Data regarding the gene expression levels of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRHa/b) and an essential subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NR1) will be measured using information from the prepared brain including the olfactory bulb, the telencephalon, and hypothalamus. TRH levels have been shown to increase during downstream migration to the sea, and higher levels of NR1 expression have correlated with increased stream odor discrimination ability in some juvenile salmonids native to Japan. This study will allow for comparison of these findings to the results from salmonid species native to the Pacific Coast of the United States. This award under the East Asia and Pacific Summer Institutes program supports summer research by a U.S. graduate student and is jointly funded by NSF and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.