Imaging Vertical Earthquake Cycle Crustal Deformation of the San Andreas Fault System Utilizing the GAGE Facility

加州南部圣安德烈亚斯断层系统沿着发生的大地震威胁着数百万人和数十亿美元的财产和基础设施，这使得了解地震物理学成为解决改善地震灾害估计的关键社会需求的关键。 该项目正在使用由GAGE（大地测量推进地球科学和地球镜）设施和地球镜提供的最先进的大地测量数据，以了解地壳如何因板块构造和其他过程而变形。 该项目特别侧重于了解垂直运动，这可能与地下水抽取和雪负荷以及地壳流体的迁移，提取和注入以及断层和地震过程有关。在这些数据中检测异常垂直运动不仅可以提高地震周期应变率估计的质量，而且对气候、水文、海洋学和地震工程社区来说也是一个宝贵的资源。该团队正在集中研究垂直形变，使用GAGE设施（全球定位系统和干涉合成孔径雷达）和跨越太平洋-北美板块边界的沿海验潮数据。该项目正在开发三维地震周期变形的约束良好的时间序列模型产品，使用综合高精度GPS点测量、高空间分辨率干涉合成孔径雷达测量和长期验潮仪垂直时间序列观测。本研究项目的主要目标是：（1）建立现代高分辨率GPS约束的SAFS地壳垂直和水平形变四维模型，（2）通过GPS和干涉合成孔径雷达的综合分析，利用这些模型对新卫星的干涉合成孔径雷达数据进行固有误差校正;（3）利用GPS、干涉合成孔径雷达和验潮站时间序列数据，建立了一个精细的四维形变时间序列;（4）探测和理解干涉合成孔径雷达和GPS数据共同的非构造形变。 此外，该小组正在编写宣传材料，介绍如何进行干涉合成孔径雷达观测并将其用于地壳变形建模，并通过国家科学基金会支持的“主动地球”信息亭分发这些资料，同时正在发布软件工具，使广大地球科学界能够进行大地测量数据分析。

Major earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault system in southern California threaten millions of people and billions of dollars in property and infrastructure, which makes understanding the physics of earthquakes key in addressing a critical societal need for improved seismic hazard estimates. This project is using state-of-the-art geodetic data provided by the GAGE (Geodesy Advancing Geosciences and EarthScope) Facility and EarthScope to understand how Earth's crust deforms in response to plate tectonics and other processes. The project is focused particularly on understanding vertical motions, which may be related to groundwater withdrawal and snow loading and the migration, extraction, and injection of crustal fluids in addition to faulting and earthquake processes. Detection of anomalous vertical motions in these data will not only improve the quality of earthquake cycle strain rate estimates, but is also a valuable resource for climate, hydrologic, oceanographic, and earthquake engineering communities.The team is focusing on studying vertical deformation using a synthesis of GAGE Facility (Global Positioning System and InSAR) and coastal tide gauge data spanning the Pacific-North American plate boundary. The project is developing well-constrained time-series model products of 3D earthquake cycle deformation using integrated high accuracy GPS point measurements, high spatial resolution InSAR measurements, and long-period tide gauge vertical time series observations. This research project has four main objectives: (1) preparing a contemporary high-resolution GPS-constrained 4D model of vertical and horizontal crustal deformation of the SAFS; (2) using these models to correct inherent errors in InSAR data from new satellites through integrated analysis of GPS and InSAR; (3) construction of a refined 4D time series of crustal deformation derived GPS, InSAR, and tide gauge time-series data; and (4) detecting and understanding non-tectonic deformation common in both InSAR and GPS data. In addition, the team is developing outreach materials describing how InSAR observations are made and used in modeling crustal deformation and distributing those via the Active Earth kiosks supported by NSF, and is releasing software tools to enable geodetic data analyses by the broad Earth science community.