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Contrasting active magma- and fault-dominated segments of the East African Rift through the synthesis of InSAR and GPS time series: Implications for rifting dynamics and hazards

通过合成 InSAR 和 GPS 时间序列对比东非裂谷的活跃岩浆和断层主导部分：对裂谷动力学和危害的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1949073
负责人：
Bridget Smith-Konter
金额：
$ 39.07万
依托单位：
University of Hawaii
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-05-01 至 2023-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949073&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Contrasting active magma fault dominated

项目摘要

The East Africa Rift System (EARS) produces large damaging earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic hazards that threaten large developing populations that tend to be relatively less well-prepared with resilient infrastructure. Measuring how the surface of the Earth deforms in response to these natural processes allows scientists to better understand them and the associated hazards. The Global Positioning System (GPS) network in Africa is sparse, and network expansion has both political and financial challenges. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) greatly complements GPS measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution imagery of ground deformation over the entire EARS, while avoiding the complications and costs associated with installing and maintaining instrumentation. Beyond volcano and tectonic applications, combining GPS and InSAR measurements of ground deformation also allows scientists to monitor anthropogenic activities such as groundwater extraction. Understanding both natural and anthropogenic-related deformation is important for local communities for better water management, improved planning and development of infrastructure, and protection of natural environments.The objective of this project is to produce precise maps of temporally and spatially dense crustal deformation time series across the central EARS documenting tectonic, volcanic, and anthropogenic related deformation signals. This will involve synthesizing and integrating GPS data collected by previously funded GeoPRISMS projects with InSAR displacement time series across the central section of the EARS. These data will allow for improved characterization and comparisons of distributions of strain between the likely plume-controlled eastern segment and the likely fault-controlled western segment that branches around the Tanzania Craton, placing these observations in the context of the geologic history and pre-existing structures. Results from this work will provide reliable measurements of crustal deformation to support a diverse range of research questions related to rift dynamics. Additionally, it will provide critical constraints for modeling rift initiation and evolution on the central, eastern, and western segments of the EARS, with extended applications to anthropogenic deformationThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

东非裂谷系统（EARS）产生了破坏性的大地震，山体滑坡和火山灾害，威胁到大量发展中国家的人口，这些人口往往没有做好充分的准备，基础设施具有弹性。测量地球表面如何响应这些自然过程而变形，使科学家能够更好地了解它们和相关的危害。非洲的全球定位系统网络稀少，网络扩展面临政治和财政挑战。干涉合成孔径雷达（干涉合成孔径雷达）极大地补充了全球定位系统的测量，具有高空间和时间分辨率的整个地球遥感系统地面变形图像，同时避免了与安装和维护仪器有关的复杂性和费用。除了火山和构造应用之外，结合GPS和地面变形的干涉合成孔径雷达测量还使科学家能够监测地下水开采等人类活动。了解自然和人为相关的变形对于当地社区更好地进行水资源管理、改善基础设施的规划和发展以及保护自然环境非常重要。本项目的目标是制作精确的时间和空间密集的地壳变形时间序列图，记录与构造、火山和人为相关的变形信号。这将涉及将以前资助的GeoPRISMS项目收集的全球定位系统数据与EARS中心部分的干涉合成孔径雷达位移时间序列进行合成和整合。这些数据将允许改进表征和比较可能的地幔柱控制的东段和可能的断层控制的西段之间的应变分布，该西段围绕坦桑尼亚的分支，将这些观察放在地质历史和预先存在的结构的背景下。这项工作的结果将提供可靠的地壳形变测量，以支持与裂谷动力学有关的各种研究问题。此外，它将提供关键的限制，为模拟裂缝的启动和演化的中部，东部和西部的EARS段，与扩展应用到人为的deformationThis奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并已被认为是值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。