Contrasting active magma- and fault-dominated segments of the East African Rift through the synthesis of InSAR and GPS time series: Implications for rifting dynamics and hazards

通过合成 InSAR 和 GPS 时间序列对比东非裂谷的活跃岩浆和断层主导部分：对裂谷动力学和危害的影响

基本信息

批准号：
1949073
负责人：
Bridget Smith-Konter
金额：
$ 39.07万
依托单位：
University of Hawaii
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-05-01 至 2023-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1949073&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Contrasting active magma fault dominated

项目摘要

The East Africa Rift System (EARS) produces large damaging earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic hazards that threaten large developing populations that tend to be relatively less well-prepared with resilient infrastructure. Measuring how the surface of the Earth deforms in response to these natural processes allows scientists to better understand them and the associated hazards. The Global Positioning System (GPS) network in Africa is sparse, and network expansion has both political and financial challenges. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) greatly complements GPS measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution imagery of ground deformation over the entire EARS, while avoiding the complications and costs associated with installing and maintaining instrumentation. Beyond volcano and tectonic applications, combining GPS and InSAR measurements of ground deformation also allows scientists to monitor anthropogenic activities such as groundwater extraction. Understanding both natural and anthropogenic-related deformation is important for local communities for better water management, improved planning and development of infrastructure, and protection of natural environments.The objective of this project is to produce precise maps of temporally and spatially dense crustal deformation time series across the central EARS documenting tectonic, volcanic, and anthropogenic related deformation signals. This will involve synthesizing and integrating GPS data collected by previously funded GeoPRISMS projects with InSAR displacement time series across the central section of the EARS. These data will allow for improved characterization and comparisons of distributions of strain between the likely plume-controlled eastern segment and the likely fault-controlled western segment that branches around the Tanzania Craton, placing these observations in the context of the geologic history and pre-existing structures. Results from this work will provide reliable measurements of crustal deformation to support a diverse range of research questions related to rift dynamics. Additionally, it will provide critical constraints for modeling rift initiation and evolution on the central, eastern, and western segments of the EARS, with extended applications to anthropogenic deformationThis award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

东非裂谷系统（EARS）会产生巨大的破坏性地震，滑坡和火山危害，威胁着大型发展中的人群，这些人口往往相对较少地准备有弹性的基础设施。衡量地球表面如何响应这些自然过程使科学家更好地理解它们和相关的危害。非洲的全球定位系统（GPS）网络很少，网络扩张既有政治和财务挑战。干涉合成孔径雷达（INSAR）在整个耳朵上具有高空间和时间分辨率图像的GPS测量值，同时避免了与安装和维护仪器相关的并发症和成本。除了火山和构造应用外，将GPS和地面变形的内在测量结果结合在一起，还允许科学家监视人为活动，例如地下水提取。了解自然和人为相关的变形对于更好的水管理，改进基础设施的计划和开发以及保护自然环境至关重要。该项目的目的是在跨层次和空间上密集的地壳变形时间序列的精确图中的中心耳朵，这些中央耳朵遍布中央耳朵，记录了构造构造，火山污染和人类相关的缺陷。这将涉及由先前资助的地理选举项目收集的综合和整合与耳朵中央部分中的内部位移时间序列收集的GPS数据。这些数据将允许改善特征和比较可能控制的羽流控制的东部细分市场与可能的断层控制的西部段之间的菌株分布，从而在坦桑尼亚克拉顿周围分支，将这些观察结果放置在地质历史和预先存在的结构的背景下。这项工作的结果将提供可靠的地壳变形测量，以支持与RIFT动态有关的各种研究问题。此外，它将为对耳朵的中部，东部和西部细分市场建模裂谷的启动和进化提供关键的限制，并扩大了对人为变形的应用，这反映了NSF的法定任务，这反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的智力和更广泛的影响来通过评估的支持，可以通过评估来审查Criteria。