Spatially Resolved Nucleosynthesis in Core Collapse Supernovae

研究人员将模拟爆炸的恒星，称为超新星。 他们对爆炸时的核反应很感兴趣。这些反应产生了周期表上的许多元素。模拟将模拟爆炸的第一秒，并计算反应，直到喷出的物质与周围区域碰撞。这些爆炸的现有图像显示，许多化学元素被吹到太空中。研究人员将把他们的模型与现有的观测结果进行比较。爆炸恒星的话题抓住了公众的想象力。通过他们的写作，教学和公开讲座，调查人员将分享这个项目的兴奋。他们将领导纳瓦霍民族，盐河Pima-Marvala印第安社区和凤凰城内城学校的教师培训讲习班。 研究人员将解释爆炸的恒星对我们地球上的生命是多么重要。研究人员将执行并比较核心坍缩超新星爆炸和残骸发展的三维（3D）模拟与观察到的仙后座A和g292超新星残骸（SNRs）中核物质的空间分布。这是第一次有机会比较生产和分布的元素，核燃烧的三维爆炸模拟直接与良好的研究信噪比。它们的比较可以提供重要的限制，爆炸的特点需要产生一个残留物与观察到的几何形状和丰度，告诉我们很多关于事件本身和爆炸机制。将模拟现实环境中有利祖细胞的三维光滑粒子流体动力学爆炸。将空间分布与从光学、X射线和红外观测中得出的空间分辨丰度的估计值进行比较，以限制核燃烧发生的条件，超新星产生的重元素的产生和分布是从单个原恒星/原行星系统到星系尺度上的恒星群和星际介质演化的组成部分。该项目将在超新星核合成以外的许多领域产生影响，包括数值方法和大规模并行模拟、湍流流体动力学、恒星和星系演化、天体生物学和宇宙学。这项研究将通过推进发现和理解来整合研究和教育，同时吸引本科生和培训研究生。

The investigators will simulate exploding stars, called supernovae. They are interested in the nuclear reactions during the explosion. The reactions produce many of the elements on the periodic table. The simulation will model the first second of the explosion and calculate reactions until the expelled material collides with the surrounding region. Existing images of these explosions show that many chemical elements are blown into space. The investigators will compare their models with the existing observations.The topic of exploding stars captures the public imagination. Through their writing, teaching, and public lectures, the investigators will share this project excitement. They will lead teacher training workshops for Navajo Nation, Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, and Phoenix inner city schools. The investigators will explain how exploding stars are important for our life on the earth.The investigators will perform and compare three dimensional (3D) simulations of core collapse supernova explosions and remnant development with the observed spatial distribution of nuclear species in the Cassiopeia A and g292 supernova remnants (SNRs). This is the first opportunity to compare the production and distribution of elements by nuclear burning in 3D explosion simulations directly with well-studied SNRs. Their comparison can provide important constraints on the characteristics of the explosion required to produce a remnant with the observed geometry and abundances, telling us much about both the event itself and the explosion mechanism. Three dimensional smooth particle hydrodynamics explosions of the favored progenitors in realistic environments will be simulated. The spatial distribution be compared with estimates of the spatially resolved abundances derived from the optical, x-ray and infrared observations to constrain the conditions under which nuclear burning occurs.The production and distribution of heavy elements by supernovae are integral to the evolution of stellar populations and the interstellar medium on scales from individual proto- stellar/proto-planetary systems to galaxies. The project will have impacts in a number of areas beyond nucleosynthesis in supernovae, including numerical methods and massively parallel simulations, turbulent hydrodynamics, stellar and galaxy evolution, astrobiology, and cosmology. This research will integrate research and education by advancing discovery and understanding, while at the same time engaging undergraduates and training graduate students.