A survey of the types of stars and massive planets that make up binary pairs in the Milky Way Galaxy

来自弗吉尼亚大学和北肯塔基大学的科学家将共同努力，计算银河系中有多少颗恒星是成对存在的。使用一种仪器将每颗恒星发出的光分成“光谱”，他们将显示每对恒星是由大恒星还是小恒星、热恒星还是冷恒星、年老恒星还是年轻恒星组成。有了这些信息，天文学家可以更好地了解恒星是如何在银河系中形成的，以及成为双星中的一员对行星的诞生有多重要。来自每所大学的研究生和本科生将在三年的时间里分析来自16.3万多颗恒星的光线。这些数据将通过位于新墨西哥州阿帕奇角天文台的斯隆基金会望远镜和位于智利拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台的伊尔萨梅·杜邦望远镜获得。这是弗吉尼亚大学（UVa）的Steven Majewski和北肯塔基大学（NKU）的Nathan De Lee的合作方案。与这两所大学的研究生和本科生一起，这些研究人员提议分析阿帕奇点天文台银河演化实验（APOGEE）的径向速度测量数据，这些数据分布在整个星系（盘，晕和凸起）的163,000颗恒星，以寻找具有广泛恒星光谱类型，金属丰度和年龄的恒星的伴星。他们将利用SDSS-III/APOGEE-1高分辨率红外光谱调查的一部分获得的数据，该调查已经在多个（几十个）时代观察了超过14,000颗恒星。提议者将用一项新的调查SDSS-IV/APOGEE-2来补充这些数据，以延长时间基线和观测源的数量。他们的目标是确定伴星的频率与主星的化学、动力学、演化阶段、在银河系中的位置和环境之间的关系。他们还建议使用WIYN望远镜上的新散斑相机对目标样本进行后续近红外散斑干涉观测，他们计划用该奖项的资金建造该望远镜。一项基于APOGEE-1数据的初步光谱调查已经在几百个星系中产生了恒星、褐矮星和热木星伴星的样本。马杰维斯基博士是APOGEE-1和APOGEE-2项目的首席研究员。

Scientists from the University of Virginia and Northern Kentucky University will work together to count how many stars in the Milky Way galaxy exist in pairs. Using an instrument that splits the light from each star into a "spectrum" they will show if each pair is made up of large or small stars, hot or cold stars, old or young stars. With this information astronomers can better understand how stars form in the Milky Way, and how important being a member of a pair can be to the birth of planets. The light from over 163,000 stars will be analyzed over a three year period by graduate and undergraduate students from each university. The data will be obtained using the Sloan Foundation Telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico and the Irénée du Pont Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile.This is a collaborative proposal between Steven Majewski of the University of Virginia (UVa) and Nathan De Lee of Northern Kentucky University (NKU). Together with graduate and undergraduate students at both universities, these researchers propose to analyze Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) radial velocity survey data of 163,000 stars spread throughout the galaxy (disk, halo and bulge) to search for companions to stars with a broad range of stellar spectral types, metallicities, and ages. They will exploit data acquired as part of the SDSS-III/APOGEE-1 high-resolution IR spectroscopic survey, which has already observed over 14,000 stars in multiple (dozens of) epochs. The proposers will complement these data with a new survey, SDSS-IV/APOGEE-2, to extend temporal baselines and the number of observed sources. Their goal is to determine the frequency of companions as a function of host star chemistry, dynamics, evolutionary stage, position in the Milky Way, and environment. They also propose follow-up near-IR speckle interferometric observations of a sample of targets using a new speckle camera on the WIYN telescope, which they plan to build with funds from this award. A pilot spectroscopic survey based on APOGEE-1 data has already produced samples of stellar, brown dwarf, and hot Jupiter companions in a few hundred systems. Dr. Majewski is the PI of both the APOGEE-1 and APOGEE-2 projects.