RAPID: Geochemical and Geophysical Observations of the 2015 Eruption of Volcan Momotombo, Nicaragua

尼加拉瓜的莫莫托姆博火山是一座玄武岩到玄武岩-安山岩的成层火山，沿着活跃的中美洲火山弧。它最后一次爆发是在1905年。过去一年，莫莫通博地下一直发生地震群。2015年11月24日，一个包括M4.7地震的主要地震群开始，并在2015年12月1日上午7：49（当地时间）开始的气体和火山灰喷发达到高潮。到12月1日晚，莫莫托姆博火山已处于斯特龙博利式喷发状态，火山柱长达约1公里，熔岩流从火山的北方侧翼流下。在这个阶段，Momotombo火山喷发的特点似乎是小体积的熔岩和小体积的火山灰排放。这一RAPID资金将支持一个多学科小组，该小组将前往尼加拉瓜与我们的INETER同事合作：1）在火山周围安装GPS仪器并分析现有的GPS数据; 2）安装四个宽带地震仪器，以研究Momotombo地下的岩浆储存和迁移; 3）对正在进行的喷发进行观测，以研究喷发活动的类型，并收集火山灰样本，以调查火山柱动力学; 4）收集火山灰和熔岩流样本，以进行地球化学分析; 5）使用干涉合成孔径雷达调查Momomtombo的火山喷发和地壳变形。该项目利用了NSF资助的COCONet项目，CEOS计划以及该团队成员领导的先前NSF资助项目的现有基础设施的支持。

Volcan Momotombo, Nicaragua is a basaltic to basaltic-andesite stratovolcano located along the active Central American Volcanic Arc. It last erupted in 1905. Seismic swarms have been occurring beneath Momotombo for the past year. A major seismic swarm, which included an M4.7 earthquake, began on November 24, 2015, and culminated in gas and ash eruptions beginning at 7:49 am (local time) on December 1, 2015. By the evening of December 1, Momotombo was in strombolian eruption with columns to ~1 km and lava flows flowing down the northern flank of the volcano. At this stage the Momotombo eruption appears to be characterized by both small-volume lava and small-volume tephra emissions.This RAPID funding will support a multi-disciplinary team that will travel to Nicaragua to collaborate with our INETER colleagues to: 1) install GPS instruments around the volcano and analyze existing GPS data; 2) install four broadband seismic instruments to study magma storage and migration beneath Momotombo; 3) make observations of the ongoing eruption to study the style of eruptive activity and collect tephra samples to investigate plume dynamics; 4) collect samples of tephra and lava flows for geochemical analyses; and 5) investigate precursory volcano and crustal deformation at Momomtombo using InSAR. This project leverages support from the NSF-funded COCONet project, the CEOS initiative, and existing infrastructure from previous NSF-funded projects led by members of this team.