Collaborative Research: Toward an Understanding of Magmatic and Seismogenic Processes Beneath Quiescently Active Volcanoes

合作研究：了解静止火山下的岩浆和地震过程

• 批准号: 0911546
• 负责人: Peter LaFemina
• 金额: $ 21.75万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0911546&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Toward; Understanding; Magmatic

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). On any given day, approximately 15-30 volcanoes worldwide are either in eruption or show strong signs of unrest (e.g., anomalously high rates of seismic activity, ground deformation, or gas emissions). Volcanic activity, including high-altitude eruptions of ash or emission of large volumes of gas, poses a significant hazard to people and property in the United States and worldwide. Although many volcanoes have clearly distinct phases of unrest and quiescence, a growing number of 'quiescently active' volcanoes are known to exhibit high background levels of geophysical unrest suggestive of persistent shallow magmatic activity during non-eruptive periods. An understanding of the processes that drive quiescent activity and high-background-rate volcanic seismicity (HBS) is critical for the detection of changes in these systems that signal impending changes in the volcano's behavior. The proposed project is for an in-depth study of background magmatic and seismic activity at Telica Volcano, Nicaragua. The study consists of 1) a retrospective analysis of a long-term catalog of seismic data to determine the precise nature of changes in seismicity preceding eruptive episodes, 2) a three-year co-deployment of broadband seismic and high-rate continuous Global Positioning System networks on Telica to study the source mechanisms of background long period seismicity, deformation, and other physical processes (e.g., gravity changes) occurring within Telica's magma chamber and edifice and 3) integration of seismic and geodetic data collected from Telica to test and refine models of quiescent volcanism. The proposed study is transformative as it will result in a greatly improved understanding of the mechanism of quiescent activity and associated geophysical unrest at a representative HBS volcano, which will extend to similar poorly-understood volcanoes worldwide. This study also represents a new collaboration between two early-career researchers working in volcano seismology and volcano geodesy, and extends existing collaborative relationships between their institutions and INETER, the Nicaraguan volcano and earthquake monitoring agency. A key impact of this proposal is the provision for Ph.D. student training in the deployment, maintenance, and analysis of data from broadband seismic and geodetic networks, along with international research experience. Finally, it is anticipated that the results of the proposed study will be applicable to other volcanoes showing similar elevated background activity, including several in Alaska. The resulting context for identification of significant changes in the character of seismicity in the presence of a high background rate will greatly improve the ability of monitoring agencies worldwide to confidently forecast the likelihood of future eruptive activity in these situations.

该奖项是根据2009年美国复苏和再投资法案（公法111-5）资助的。在任何一天，全世界大约有15-30座火山正在喷发或显示出强烈的动荡迹象（例如，地震活动、地面变形或气体排放的异常高的速率）。火山活动，包括高空火山灰喷发或大量气体排放，对美国和世界各地的人民和财产构成重大危险。虽然许多火山有明显不同的动荡和平静的阶段，越来越多的“平静活跃”的火山被称为表现出高背景水平的地球物理动荡，暗示在非喷发期间持续的浅层岩浆活动。了解驱动静止活动和高背景率火山地震活动（HBS）的过程对于检测这些系统中的变化至关重要，这些系统发出火山行为即将发生变化的信号。拟议的项目是深入研究尼加拉瓜Telica火山的背景岩浆和地震活动。该研究包括：1）对长期地震数据目录进行回顾性分析，以确定火山爆发前地震活动变化的确切性质; 2）在Telica上共同部署宽带地震和高速率连续全球定位系统网络，为期三年，以研究背景长期地震活动、变形和其他物理过程的震源机制（例如，重力变化）发生在Telica的岩浆房和建筑物和3）整合地震和大地测量数据收集Telica测试和完善模型的静止火山。拟议的研究是变革性的，因为它将大大提高对代表性HBS火山的静止活动和相关地球物理动荡机制的理解，这将扩展到世界各地类似的知之甚少的火山。这项研究还代表了两名从事火山地震学和火山大地测量学的早期职业研究人员之间的新合作，并扩展了他们的机构与印度尼西亚火山和地震监测机构INETER之间的现有合作关系。这项建议的一个关键影响是为博士学位提供经费。在部署、维护和分析宽带地震和大地测量网络数据方面对学生进行培训，沿着国际研究经验。最后，预计拟议研究的结果将适用于显示类似背景活动升高的其他火山，包括阿拉斯加的几座火山。由此产生的在高本底率的情况下确定地震活动性质的重大变化的背景，将大大提高全世界监测机构的能力，以便有信心地预测在这些情况下未来爆发活动的可能性。