The Role Of Social And Spatial Network Structure In Patterning Social Organization

帮助社会凝聚成运作单位的机制也可能在压力时期瓦解。这种机制采取各种形式，但总是以社会互动为基础。融合的形式可以主要是经济的、政治的、仪式的，或者是这些社会领域的各个方面的联合收割机。为增加或容纳社会互动而创建的场所和基础设施，如广场、道路或市场，可以提供有关人们为发展、维持或消除社区感而做出的选择的高度信息。特别是在城市环境中，这些特征是农村人口融入城市环境的关键组成部分。家庭物品和安排的共同性是衡量社会融合的另一个很好的尺度，因为家庭随着更广泛的社会调整而演变。在此背景下，目前的项目将调查古典玛雅社会政治现象的明显脆弱性和他们的古代国家的弱点。通过研究几个非常不同的社区成员之间的结构，程度和社会互动的种类，这些社区似乎参与了同一个晚期经典国家，本研究将分析家庭如何与精英使用的社会，政治，宗教和意识形态策略相结合。这些古老的社区位于沿着最长的古玛雅道路，这是连接两个城市中心及其农村地区的主要基础设施。虽然过去的玛雅社会构成了本研究的重点，但它提出要阐明的基本原则与当今世界许多发展中地区有关。失败的国家构成了当今重大的国际问题，其原因是缺乏足够强大的整合机制。考古学允许研究人员通过长期的视角来研究这些问题。今天在这条道路上生活和耕作的当地利益相关者将受益于学习道路和其他古代基础设施是如何建造的细节，而且通过一系列研讨会，讲座和合作研究项目，这些社区将首次接触科学调查的方法。在不同城市或地区生活的人们之间形成联系的社会互动是理解为什么人类选择自愿参与等级制度及其必然结果压迫的特别重要的工具。城市中心不断需要新的成员，并通过提供基础设施和新的社会互动手段，强行吸引农村人口进入城市定居点。在古典晚期，在北方玛雅低地修建了一条巨大的道路，使道路两端的社区和沿着的农村人口融合在一起，但日常生活是如何改变的呢？道路建成后，当地家庭群体是否获得了不同的材料？居住习惯是否改变？是否有人口流动的证据？这些问题将通过挖掘道路连接的两个城市以及道路沿着的一个农村定居点的住户来解决，这些住户来自道路修建之前和之后的时期。通过确定国内文物，贸易商品和埋葬模式的变化，可以衡量道路项目实现的整合程度。

The mechanisms that help societies coalesce into functioning units, can also unravel during times of stress. Such mechanisms take a variety of forms, but are always grounded in social interactions. Forms of integration can be largely economic, political, ritual, or combine aspects of each of these social realms. Places and infrastructure created to increase or house social interactions, such as plazas, roadways, or markets can be highly informative about the choices people make to develop, maintain, or dissolve a sense of community. In urban contexts in particular, these sorts of features are key components of integrating a rural population into the urban setting. Commonalities in household goods and arrangements are another excellent measure of social integration, as households evolve in response to broader social adjustments. Within this context the current project will investigate the apparent fragility of Classic Maya sociopolitical phenomenon and the weaknesses of their ancient states. By examining the structure, degree, and kind of social interactions among members of several very different communities that appear to have participated in the same Late Classic state, this research will analyze how households articulated with the social, political, religious, and ideological strategies utilized by the elite. These ancient communities are located along the longest ancient Maya road, a major piece of infrastructure that connected two urban centers and their rural territories. Although past Mayan society constitutes the focus of this research the underlying principles which it proposes to illuminate are relevant in many developing regions of the world today. Failed states which constitute significant international problems today result from the lack of sufficiently strong integrating mechanisms. Archaeology permits researchers to examine such issues through a long term perspective. Local stakeholders who live and farm along this road today will benefit from learning the details of not only how the road and other ancient infrastructure was built, but through a series of workshops, lectures, and collaborative research projects, these communities will have their first exposure to the methods of scientific investigation. Social interactions that form bonds between people who live in separate cities or regions are a particularly important tool to understand why humans choose to willingly participate in systems of hierarchy with its corollary, oppression. Urban centers are in constant need of new members and draw rural populations into urban settlements forcibly, but also through providing infrastructure and the means for new social interactions. The creation of a massive roadway in the northern Maya lowlands integrated the communities at either end of the road and the rural populations along its length during the Late Classic, but how did daily life change? Were different materials available to local household groups after the completion of the road? Were residential habits altered? Is there evidence for the movement of populations? These questions will be addressed by excavation of households at both cities connected by the road, and at one rural settlement along its length, from periods prior to the construction of the road, and after. By identifying changes in domestic artifacts, trade goods, and burial patterns, the degree of integration achieved by the road project can be measured.