Perceptions of Trust and Procedural Justice as Sources of Receptivity and Resistance to Video Surveillance

史无前例的对警民冲突的负面视频报道引发了国内动乱，并引发了人们对公众对警察和刑事司法系统的信任的质疑。当人们积极地看待警察(例如，公平、公正、值得信任)时，以前的研究表明，公众对警察的支持很强烈。然而，在过去十年中，美国主要社会变化的趋同(例如，更广泛地使用视频技术来捕捉警察暴力和滥用权力的图像，日益严重的种族分歧，以及对社会机构信心的下降)挑战了这种观念，即公平和信任足以产生积极的警民关系。这项拟议的研究将进行大规模的全国调查和全市范围的访谈，以测试公众对警官行为、制度失范、程序正义和警察合法性的看法对警民关系的影响，以及通过使用随身相机和无人机支持“视频警务”活动。在后弗格森时期的种族敌意和紧张的警民关系中，所获得的调查结果将提供直接证据，以改善公众对各种警察做法的支持，并发展更细微的社区警务方法，以更有效地控制犯罪并促进更好的警民关系，特别是在对警察的基本信任可能最成问题的少数族裔社区。通过探索公众对程序正义和警察合法性的看法对他们在当代美国社会支持视频警务活动的影响，拟议的研究与现有的研究不同，其(1)侧重于公众对警察使用不断发展的视频技术的支持(例如，(2)对警察公平和合法性观念的影响是否高度相关、是否受到种族、与警察的直接经历和警察的负面视频图像、警察活动的类型(例如，主动警务和被动警务)以及对机构失范的感觉的实证评估，以及(3)分析方法(即，使用合取分析来研究这一原因的复杂性)。这项研究的结果将提供直接的社会效益，确定警察在哪些特定条件下可以使用移动视频技术(即随身相机和无人机)来增加社区的安全和支持，同时降低公众的阻力。它还将确定在哪些情况下，视频技术被视为侵入性的、无效的和/或选择性地(不当)使用，从而侵蚀这种公共安全和支持。

Unprecedented video coverage of negative police-citizen encounters has fueled civil unrest and questions about the public trust in police and the criminal justice system. When the police are viewed positively (e.g., fair, impartial, trustworthy), previous research reveals strong public support for them. Over the last decade, however, the convergence of major social changes in the U.S. (e.g., the wider availability of video technology to capture images of police violence and abuse of power, the growing racial divide, and declining confidence in social institutions) challenge this notion that fairness and trust are enough to produce positive police-citizen relations. The proposed study will conduct a large national survey and citywide interviews to test these ideas about the impact of public perceptions of officer conduct, institutional anomie, procedural justice, and police legitimacy on police-citizen relations and support for "video policing" activities through the use of body-worn cameras and aerial drones. In this post-Ferguson period of racial animus and strained police-citizen relations, the obtained survey results will provide direct evidence of the "best practices" for improving public support for various police practices and developing a more nuanced approach to community policing that is more effective in crime control and fosters better police-citizen relations, especially in minority neighborhoods where basic trust in police may be most problematic.By exploring the impact of public perceptions about procedural justice and police legitimacy on their support for video policing activities in contemporary American society, the proposed study departs from extant research by its (1) focus on public support for police use of evolving video technology (e.g., body-worn cameras, aerial drones), (2) empirical evaluation of whether the influence of perceptions of police fairness and legitimacy are highly contextual, mediated or moderated by one's race, direct experiences with police and negative video images of them, the type of police activity (e.g., proactive versus reactive policing) and feelings of institutional anomie, and (3) analytic methods (i.e., the use conjunctive analysis to study this causal complexity). The results of this study will provide direct social benefits by identifying particular conditions under which police can use mobile video technology (i.e., body cameras and aerial drones) to increase community safety and support with lower public resistance. It will also identify conditions under which video technology is viewed as invasive, ineffective and/or selectively (mis)used, thereby eroding this public safety and support.