NSF/SBE-BSF: Ideological Differences in Emotion Regulation Processes in Interpersonal and Intergroup Contexts

在社会科学、新闻和流行文化中，我们经常听到生活满意度、同理心和群体间关系等日常领域的意识形态差异。这些问题的核心是个人在日常生活中的情感体验和反应。一些研究考察了情绪反应和对外部群体态度的意识形态差异。这个项目研究了更复杂的、深思熟虑的过程，即个人在生活的各个领域试图控制或调节自己情绪的方式。理解人们调节情绪的各种方式不仅有助于理解基本情绪过程中的意识形态差异，也有助于理解这些过程的结果。此外，对最有效的不同类型的情绪调节策略的欣赏可能是开发干预措施的关键，这些干预措施旨在改善个人福祉以及社会中不同群体之间的关系。本研究分为三个阶段，旨在阐明这两个生活领域中情绪调节过程的意识形态差异，解释这些差异，并根据这些差异制定相应的干预措施。在两个国家（美国和以色列，后者得到以色列政府的支持）进行的11项研究中，纽约大学的约翰·约斯特博士和他的以色列合作者埃兰·哈尔佩林博士将结合不同的方法来满足这三个目标。第一阶段使用大规模调查、经验抽样和脑电图来检查和描绘意识形态如何在两个领域塑造情绪调节。在第二阶段，他们研究了四种可能的机制，这些机制可能通过实验操纵这些机制来驱动情绪调节的意识形态差异。最后，在第三阶段，他们开发基于情绪调节的心理干预措施，并测试其在改善幸福感和群体间关系方面的有效性。

In social science, journalism, and popular culture we hear a lot about ideological differences in everyday domains such as life satisfaction, empathy, and intergroup relations. At the heart of these issues are the emotional experiences and reactions of individuals in their daily lives. Some research has examined ideological differences in emotional reactions and attitudes toward outgroups. This project examines more complex, deliberative processes namely, the ways in which individuals attempt to control or regulate their emotions in various domains of life. Understanding the various ways in which people regulate their emotions has implications not only for understanding ideological differences in fundamental emotional processes, but also for the outcomes of these processes. Furthermore, an appreciation of the different types of emotion regulation strategies that work best may hold the key to developing interventions designed to improve personal well-being as well as relations among various groups in society.The proposed research involves three phases designed to illuminate ideological differences in emotion regulation processes in these two domains of life, explain these differences, and to develop catered interventions based on these differences. In 11 studies conducted in two countries (the United States and Israel, the latter of which is supported by the Israeli government), Dr. John Jost from New York University and his Israeli collaborator, Dr. Eran Halperin, will combine different methodologies to meet all three objectives. The first phase examines and maps how ideology shapes emotion regulation in the two domains using large-scale surveys, experience sampling, and EEG. In the second stage they examine four possible mechanisms that may drive ideological differences in emotion regulation through experimental manipulation of these mechanisms. Finally, in the third stage, they develop emotion regulation-based psychological interventions and test their effectiveness in improving well-being and intergroup relations.