Explaining Ethnic Peace

族裔群体之间的分裂往往被视为一种危险的力量，助长暴力，威胁民主的稳定。此外，当族裔认同根深蒂固并有强烈感受时，这种冲突被认为是不可避免的。这项研究试图解释为什么有些国家的种族是突出的经历暴力，而其他人没有。PI首先绘制人口模式，以及两个国家的政治和经济竞争模式，并按暴力和非暴力地点的空间和时间进行匹配，从而研究差异。该项目使用两个加勒比国家（圭亚那和特立尼达托巴哥）作为感兴趣的案例。这两个国家在历史、经济和政治背景上相似，包括由两个主要民族组成。 虽然了解美国周边国家的民主稳定面临的潜在威胁当然很重要，但本项目的最终目标是对鼓励和防止种族暴力的因素提供更全面的见解，这些因素可以适用于世界各地的许多其他国家。 技术摘要一些国家如何在激烈的种族政治竞争中设法摆脱困扰许多其他多种族政体的暴力？ PI发展了一种理论，提出了种族暴力是由社会和政治关系，特别是客户交流和民间社会活动的性质形成的想法。这一理论产生了新的影响，这是通过原始的定量数据收集和分析，匹配方法的探索，以及随后的定性研究，通过在圭亚那和特立尼达托巴哥的实地考察进行调查。 采用各种匹配方法来比较圭亚那和特立尼达的地点，将提供机会获得关于这两个国家的重要实质性信息，并有助于正在进行的关于各种匹配技术的相对优点的方法论辩论。 该项目的最终目标是提供对鼓励和防止种族暴力的因素的更一般性的见解，这些见解可适用于世界各地许多其他国家。

General SummaryDivision among ethnic groups is often seen as a dangerous force that encourages violence and threatens the stability of democracy. Furthermore, such conflict is perceived to be unavoidable when ethnic identities are deeply held and strongly felt. This study seeks to explain why some countries in which ethnicity is salient experience violence while others do not. The PI examines the difference by first mapping demographic patterns, and patterns of political and economic competition in two countries and match by space and time violent and non-violent locations. This project uses two Caribbean nations (Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago) as the cases of interest. These two countries are similar in their historical, economic, and political backgrounds, including being comprised of two major ethnic groups. While it is certainly important to understand potential threats to the democratic stability of countries in close proximity to the United States, the ultimate goal of this project is to provide more general insights into factors that encourage and prevent ethnic violence that can be applied to many other countries around the world. Technical SummaryHow have some countries with intense, ethnic political competition managed to escape the violence that plagues many other multi-ethnic polities? The PI develops a theory that advances the idea that ethnic violence is shaped by social and political relationships, specifically the nature of clientelistic exchanges and civil society activity. This theory generates novel implications, which are investigated through original quantitative data collection and analysis, an exploration of matching methodologies, and subsequent qualitative research through fieldwork in both Guyana and Trinidad & Tobago. The employment of various matching methods to compare localities in Guyana and Trinidad will offer opportunities to gain important substantive information about the two countries, as well as contribute to ongoing methodological debates regarding the relative merits of various matching techniques. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide more general insights into factors that encourage and prevent ethnic violence that can be applied to many other countries around the world.