Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Economic Incorporation of Immigrants Across the 50 United States

在过去的二十年里，美国各州针对移民的法律数量激增。为了规范移民定居，各州通过了移民法，要么试图将非法移民从州管辖范围内移除，要么限制州政府参与移民迁移。为了规范移民公司，各州通过了移民权利法，这些法律要么将移民排除在工作机会和国家福利之外，要么将这些机会和福利扩大到移民。虽然研究表明联邦执法政策对移民的经济结果产生了不利影响，但人们对州法律如何影响移民的经济福祉知之甚少。本论文探讨了国家政策如何影响移民及其在美国出生的成年子女的经济融合。它检验了一个假设，即综合移民权利法在确保移民人口的生产力方面比试图将非法移民从州管辖范围内移除的法律更有效。由于州一级的移民法和移民权利法是两种不同类型的政策举措，可能会对移民的经济结合产生不同的影响，因此研究人员通过在这两个轴上对州进行分类，创建了一种州类型。运用类型学研究：1)研究国家政策安排与移民劳动力参与和就业之间的关系；2)检查国家政策背景是否会加剧或缩小合法和非法移民的工资差距；3)探讨移民和移民权利法的影响是否会溢出到美国出生的移民子女的失业结果。该项目对1997年至2014年的美国社区调查（ACS）和当前人口调查（CPS）数据采用多层次定量方法。由于ACS和CPS不提供合法状态的数据，因此将使用交叉调查多重imputation来推断未经授权的状态。该项目将移民融合的公共话语锚定在移民经济成果随时间和跨州的客观比较中。结果将增强我们对促进移民的因素的理解。劳动力参与和经济安全，可以用来为未来的学术研究和政策提供信息。

Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Economic Incorporation of Immigrants Across the 50 United StatesThe past two decades have seen an explosion in the number of U.S. state laws targeted at immigrants. To regulate immigrant settlement, states have passed immigration laws that either sought to remove unauthorized immigrants from state jurisdiction or limited state involvement in immigrant removal. To regulate immigrant incorporation, states have passed immigrant rights laws that either excluded immigrants from work opportunities and state benefits or extended these opportunities and benefits to immigrants. While research has shown the detrimental effects of federal enforcement policies on immigrants' economic outcomes, little is known about how state laws impact immigrants' economic well-being. This dissertation asks how state policy shapes the economic incorporation of immigrants and their adult U.S.-born children. It tests the hypothesis that integrative immigrant rights laws are more effective at ensuring a productive immigrant population than laws seeking to remove unauthorized immigrants from state jurisdiction. Because state-level immigration and immigrant rights laws are two distinct types of policy initiatives that could differentially influence immigrants' economic incorporation, the researchers create a state typology by categorizing states on these two axes. The typology is used to: 1) investigate the association between state policy arrangements and immigrants' labor force participation and employment; 2) examine if state policy context exacerbates or decreases the authorized-unauthorized immigrant wage gap; and 3) explore whether the effects of immigration and immigrant rights laws spill over to the U.S.-born children of immigrants' unemployment outcomes. The project applies multi-level quantitative methods to American Community Survey (ACS) and Current Population Survey (CPS) data from the years 1997 through 2014. Because the ACS and CPS do not provide data on legal status, cross-survey multiple imputation will be used to infer unauthorized status. This project anchors public discourse on immigrant integration in objective comparisons of immigrants' economic outcomes over time and across states. Results will enhance our understanding of the factors that foster immigrants? workforce participation and economic security, and can be used to inform future scholarly research and policy alike.