Collaborative Research: All Birds: A Time-Scaled Avian Tree From Integrated Phylogenomic and Fossil Data

有超过10，000种鸟类，它们几乎可以在每一个陆地环境中找到。这种显著的多样性是加强公众参与科学和自然的重要组成部分，美国经济中观鸟活动产生的数十亿美元的产出就是证明。鸟类表现出复杂的行为，复杂的身体特征和令人印象深刻的适应性，这使它们成为现代科学研究的主要焦点。在目前的研究中，鸟类是生物学中一系列基本主题比较研究的模型系统。然而，这个强大的比较生物学工具包缺少的部分是对所有鸟类物种之间进化关系（亲缘关系）的准确和完整的描述，即，鸟类的生命之树该项目将收集DNA数据，以填补这一空白，为所有鸟类物种制作一个完整的生命树，以测试有关地球上鸟类起源、多样化和扩散的假设。一个完整的树将是鸟类学和进化生物学等领域的变革。该项目将通过培训本科生、研究生和博士后科学家，帮助培养下一代生物多样性科学家，还将包括展览和视频等众多公共宣传部分。开发学习模块并与教师合作将有助于将研究带入课堂，惠及多个州的不同学生。 最后，研究人员将立即向科学界和公众提供从每种鸟类收集的所有数据，以便进行大规模的比较分析，并与其他鸟类数据集进行整合。“大树”--全面的物种水平的进化--正在彻底改变进化生物学领域。该项目将为8,000种鸟类产生全基因组标记，并利用NSF支持的其他研究的数据产品，为所有10,560种鸟类产生系统发育假说。一个良好的解决，完整的，时间校准，物种水平的鸟类系统发育将允许许多具有挑战性的假设进行测试，提供概念基础的鸟类分类系统发育的修订，并允许旨在阐明的过程中，产生生物多样性的变革性分析。具体的假设进行测试，使用该项目产生的系统发育包括1）新鸟类经历了一个快速的辐射后，K-Pg大灭绝，2）鸟类的多样性已形成的历史，洲际传播，和3）物种树方法优于级联的系统发育分析的基因组规模的数据。

There are over 10,000 species of birds and they are found in nearly every terrestrial environment. This remarkable diversity has served as a critical component of enhancing public engagement with science and nature, as evidenced by the multi-billion dollar output generated by bird-watching activities in the US economy. Birds exhibit complex behaviors, elaborate physical characteristics, and impressive adaptations, which has made them a major focus of modern scientific research. In current research, birds are a model system for comparative studies on a range of fundamental topics in biology. However, the missing piece of this otherwise powerful comparative biology toolkit is an accurate and complete description of the evolutionary relationships (phylogeny) among all bird species, i.e., an avian tree of life. This project will collect DNA data to fill this gap by producing a complete tree of life for all bird species in order to test hypotheses regarding the origins, diversification, and dispersal of birds around the planet. A complete tree will be transformative to fields like ornithology and evolutionary biology. This project will help prepare the next-generation of biodiversity scientists by training undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral scientists, and also will include numerous public outreach components including exhibits and videos. Developing learning modules and working with teachers will help bring the research into the classroom, reaching a diversity of students in several states. Finally, the researchers will make all data collected from each bird immediately available to the scientific community and the public to enable broad-scale comparative analyses and integration with other avian data sets."Big trees" - comprehensive species-level phylogenies - are revolutionizing the field of evolutionary biology. This project will generate genome-wide markers for 8,000 species of birds and leverage data products from other NSF-supported studies to produce a phylogenetic hypothesis for all 10,560 bird species. A well-resolved, complete, time-calibrated, species-level phylogeny of birds will allow numerous challenging hypotheses to be tested, provide the conceptual foundation for a phylogenetic revision of bird taxonomy, and permit transformative analyses aimed at elucidating the processes that generate biological diversity. Specific hypotheses to be tested using phylogenies generated by this project include 1) Neoaves underwent a rapid radiation after the K-Pg mass extinction, 2) avian diversification has been shaped by the history of intercontinental dispersal, and 3) species tree methods outperform concatenation in phylogenetic analyses of genome-scale data.