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Collaborative Research: Climate, Changing Abundance and Species Interactions of Marine Birds and Mammals at South Georgia in Winter

合作研究：南乔治亚岛冬季气候、数量变化以及海洋鸟类和哺乳动物的物种相互作用

基本信息

批准号：
2011454
负责人：
Richard Veit
金额：
$ 73.85万
依托单位：
CUNY College of Staten Island
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-09-15 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2011454&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Climate Changing Abundance

项目摘要

Part I: Non-technical description: Ocean warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea in winter is among the highest worldwide. This project will quantify the impact of the climate warming on seabirds. The study area is in South Georgia in the South Atlantic with the largest and most diverse seabird colonies in the world. Detecting and understanding how physics and biology interact to bring positive or negative population changes to seabirds has long challenged scientists. The team in this project hypothesizes that 1) Cold water seabird species decline while warm water species increase due to ocean warming observed in the last 30 years; 2) All species decrease with ocean warming, affecting how they interact with each other and in doing so, decreasing their chances of survival; and 3) Species profiles can be predicted using multiple environmental variables and models. To collect present-day data to compare with observations done in 1985, 1991 and 1993, 2 cruises are planned in the austral winter; the personnel will include the three Principal Investigators, all experienced with sampling of seabirds, plankton and oceanography, with 2 graduate and 5 undergraduate students. Models will be developed based on the cruise data and the environmental change experienced in the last 30 years. The research will improve our understanding of seabird and marine mammal winter ecology, and how they interact with the environment. This project benefits NSF's goals to expand the fundamental knowledge of Antarctic systems, biota, and processes. The project will provide an exceptional opportunity to teach polar field skills to undergraduates by bringing 5 students to engage in the research cruises. To further increase polar literacy training and educational impacts, broader impacts include the production of an educational documentary that will be coupled to field surveys to assess public perceptions about climate change. Part II: Technical description: Ocean warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea in winter is among the highest worldwide. Based on previous work, the Principal Investigators in this project want to test the hypothesis that warming would have decreased seabird abundance and species associations in the South Georgia region of the South Atlantic. A main premise of this proposal is that because of marine environmental change, the structure of the seabird communities has also changed, and potentially in a manner that has diminished the mutually beneficial dynamics of positive interactions, with subsequent consequences to fitness and population trends. The study is structured by 3 main objectives: 1) identify changes in krill, bird and mammal abundance that have occurred from previous sampling off both ends of South Georgia during winter in 1985, 1991 and 1993, 2) identify pairings of species that benefit each other in searching for prey, and quantify how such relationships have changed since 1985, and 3) make predictions about how these changes in species pairing might continue given predicted future changes in climate. The novelty of the approach is the conceptual model that inter-species associations inform birds of food availability and that the associations decrease if bird abundance decreases, thus warming could decrease overall population fitness. These studies will be essential to establish if behavioral patterns in seabird modulate their response to climate change. The project will provide exceptional educational opportunity to undergraduates by bringing 5 students to participate on the cruises. To further increase polar literacy training and educational impacts, broader impacts include the production of an educational documentary that will be coupled to field surveys to assess public perceptions about climate change.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

第一部分：非技术性说明：南极洲西部半岛和斯科舍海冬季的海洋变暖是世界上最高的。该项目将量化气候变暖对海鸟的影响。研究区域位于南大西洋的南格鲁吉亚，拥有世界上最大和最多样化的海鸟栖息地。探测和理解物理学和生物学如何相互作用，给海鸟带来积极或消极的种群变化，长期以来一直是科学家面临的挑战。该项目的团队假设：1）由于过去30年观察到的海洋变暖，冷水海鸟物种减少，而温水物种增加; 2）所有物种都随着海洋变暖而减少，影响它们相互作用的方式，从而降低了它们的生存机会; 3）物种分布可以使用多个环境变量和模型进行预测。为了收集目前的数据以与1985年、1991年和1993年的观测结果进行比较，计划在冬季进行两次航行;人员将包括三名首席调查员，他们都具有海鸟、浮游生物和海洋学取样方面的经验，还有两名研究生和五名本科生。将根据航行数据和过去30年经历的环境变化开发模型。这项研究将提高我们对海鸟和海洋哺乳动物冬季生态的理解，以及它们如何与环境相互作用。该项目有利于NSF的目标，扩大南极系统，生物区系和过程的基础知识。该项目将提供一个特殊的机会，通过让5名学生参加研究巡航，向本科生教授极地领域的技能。为了进一步加强极地扫盲培训和教育影响，更广泛的影响包括制作一部教育纪录片，该纪录片将与实地调查相结合，以评估公众对气候变化的看法。第二部分：技术说明：南极洲西部半岛和斯科舍海冬季的海洋变暖是世界上最高的。根据以前的工作，该项目的主要研究人员希望验证一个假设，即变暖会减少南大西洋南格鲁吉亚地区的海鸟丰度和物种关联。这一提议的一个主要前提是，由于海洋环境的变化，海鸟群落的结构也发生了变化，而且可能会减少积极互动的互利动态，从而对健康和种群趋势产生影响。该研究由3个主要目标构成：1）确定1985年、1991年和1993年冬季在南格鲁吉亚两端的先前采样中发生的磷虾、鸟类和哺乳动物丰度的变化，2）确定在寻找猎物时彼此受益的物种配对，并量化自1985年以来这种关系的变化，以及3）在预测未来气候变化的情况下，预测物种配对的这些变化可能如何继续。该方法的新奇在于概念模型，即物种间的关联告知鸟类食物的可用性，如果鸟类丰度减少，则该关联会减少，因此变暖可能会降低总体种群适应度。这些研究对于确定海鸟的行为模式是否会调节它们对气候变化的反应至关重要。该项目将为本科生提供特殊的教育机会，让5名学生参加游轮。为了进一步增加极地扫盲培训和教育影响，更广泛的影响包括制作一部教育纪录片，该纪录片将与实地调查相结合，以评估公众对气候变化的看法。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。