CRII: SaTC: Lendable: Designing Modular Hardware and Unobtrusive Interactions to Enable Convenient and Trustworthy Lending of Small Personal Computing Devices

人们经常想借用或借出个人计算设备来完成许多任务：打电话、拍照、导航、观看视频。然而，借贷设备是有风险的，因为它们存储了大量的个人信息，而且缺乏良好的工具来管理对这些信息的访问。这导致贷款人密切监控借款人的使用情况，或者根本不借出设备，这两者都限制了设备借贷的有用性，并可能导致尴尬的互动。该项目将开发机制，为贷款人提供对借款人可以使用的功能和数据的更好控制，探索两个主要想法。首先是使用越来越普遍的智能手表，以支持对借出的智能手机进行不显眼的远程控制。第二种是使用模块化设计，其中数据存储在基本单元上，功能通过可拆卸的模块提供。当两个模块分开时，它们进入“访客模式”，在这种模式下，它们可以与基站通信，以访问定位或蜂窝网络服务等所需功能，但无法访问所有者的个人数据。这项工作将扩展关于如何开发微型和模块化技术的知识，这些技术旨在保护隐私的同时供多人使用。该项目还将为博士生和本科生提供获得跨学科研究经验的机会，以及可以被其他研究人员、设计师和制造商采用的开源软件和硬件原型。这项工作将分三个主要阶段进行。第一阶段将探索使用智能手表作为智能手机的基本单元的隐私需求和交互技术。通过部署具有不同访客访问级别的原型，研究人员将确定与常见借出任务相关的常见类型的隐私要求。然后，他们将设计和评估不引人注目的交互技术的可用性，例如设备被借给哪只手或设备的方向，以指定设备被借出时的隐私设置。第二阶段将专注于设计模块化的智能手机系统，使手机的功能自然地划分在模块之间，以平衡可用性和隐私问题。在这一阶段，研究人员将从使用模型的焦点小组开始进行需求分析，目的是确定如何最好地将功能分配到支持贷款的模块，同时仍为贷款人提供有用的功能。然后，他们将开发实现这些要求的物理原型，并与第一阶段一样，设计和评估不引人注目的模式切换交互的可用性，例如模块分离的方向或顺序。最后，受双面智能手表之前的工作和计算设备继续小型化的目标的启发，研究人员将结合前两项努力，设计模块化智能手表原型和适当的交互技术，以管理对它们的访问。

People often want to borrow or lend personal computing devices for many tasks: to make a phone call, to take some pictures, to navigate, to watch a video. Lending devices is risky, however, because of the amount of personal information they store and the lack of good tools for managing access to that information. This leads lenders to closely monitor borrowers' use, or to not lend the devices at all, both of which limit the usefulness of device lending and can lead to awkward interactions. This project will develop mechanisms to provide lenders with better control over the functions and data that borrowers can use, exploring two main ideas. The first is to use smartwatches, which are increasingly common, to support unobtrusive remote control of loaned smartphones. The second is to use modular designs, in which the data is stored on a base unit and features are provided through detachable modules. When separated, the modules enter a 'guest mode' where they can communicate with the base to access needed functions such as location or cellular network services, but are unable to access the owner's personal data. This work will extend knowledge of how to develop miniature and modular technologies designed to be used by multiple people while protecting privacy. The project will also provide PhD and undergraduate students opportunities to gain interdisciplinary research experiences, and open-source software and hardware prototypes that can be taken up by other researchers, designers, and makers. The work will proceed in three main stages. The first stage will explore the privacy needs and interaction techniques around using a smart watch as the base unit for a smart phone. Through deploying prototypes with varying levels of guest access, the researchers will determine the common kinds of privacy requirements associated with common lending tasks. They will then design and evaluate the usability of unobtrusive interaction techniques, such as which hand a device is loaned with or the orientation of the device, for specifying privacy settings when the device is lent. The second stage will focus on designing modular smartphone systems such that the phone's functions are naturally divided among modules to balance usability and privacy concerns. For this stage, the researchers will start with focus groups using mock-ups to do requirements analysis aimed at determining how features can best be allocated to modules to support lending while still providing lenders with useful functionality. They will then develop physical prototypes that realize these requirements and, as with the first stage, design and evaluate the usability of unobtrusive mode-switching interactions, such as the direction or order in which modules are detached. Finally, inspired by prior work on dual-face smartwatches and the goal of continued miniaturization of computing devices, the researchers will marry the first two thrusts, designing modular smartwatch prototypes and the appropriate interaction techniques for managing access to them.