Collaborative Research: SI2-SSI: Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics

恒星是最常见的天体，一直是天文学研究的前沿。该项目的目标是维持MESA软件框架作为天文学界软件基础设施的关键部分，同时建设新的创新科学能力和教育网络。MESA(恒星天体物理实验模块)是一个软件工具，用于求解控制恒星演化的方程。MESA项目1)吸引了全世界900多名注册用户；2)源代码下载超过10,000次；3)收到了超过12,000篇关于MESA社区讨论的存档和可搜索的帖子；4)被引用了约1000次，目前的引用率约为300/年；5)引用MESA的论文本身就产生了10,000多次引用；6)提供了一个软件开发工具包，用于在各种平台上建立MESA；7)提供一年一度的暑期学校项目，目前已有150多名毕业生；8)主办一个天文学社区分享知识和工具的门户网站；9)提供了一个教育云资源的原型--Mesa-Web。这些指标提供了证据，表明MESA正在成为了解恒星演化的标准软件。该项目支持MESA软件框架及其用户社区。MESA为控制恒星演化的一维完全耦合结构和组成方程提供了解算器。它基于隐式有限体积格式，具有自适应网格细化和复杂的时间步长控制；最先进的模块提供状态方程、不透明度、核反应速率、元素扩散、边界条件和恒星质量的变化。MESA是一个开源库，它采用了当代的数值方法，支持基于OpenMP的共享内存并行，并且考虑到了现在和未来的多核和多线程架构。MESA结合了可组合的、可互操作的、健壮的、高效的、线程安全的数值和物理模块，用于对从巨行星到低质量单星再到大质量恒星双星等广泛的恒星演化场景进行来源能力模拟。台面？S的适用范围继续扩大，最近的扩展使用户能够模拟振荡、自转、双星和爆炸。最近的技术创新允许用户插件，并在所有支持的平台上提供逐位一致的结果。梅萨项目的产品已经并将继续推动恒星、引力波、核、系外行星、银河系和宇宙学领域的重大创新。

Stars are the most commonly observed celestial objects, and remain at the forefront of astronomical research. The goal of this project is to sustain the MESA software framework as a key piece of software infrastructure for the astronomy community while building new innovative scientific capabilities and educational networks. MESA (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) is a software instrument that solves the equations governing the evolution of stars. The MESA project 1) has attracted over 900 registered users world-wide; 2) has over 10,000 downloads of the source code; 3) has received over 12,000 archived and searchable posts about community discussions of MESA; 4) has been cited about 1000 times and has a current citation rate of about 300/year; 5) papers that cite MESA have themselves generated over 10,000 citations; 6) provides a Software Development Kit to build MESA across a variety of platforms; 7) delivers an annual Summer School program that now has over 150 graduates; 8) hosts a web-portal for the astronomy community to share knowledge and tools; 9) offers a prototype of a cloud resource for education, MESA-Web. These metrics provide evidence that MESA is becoming standard software for understanding evolving stars. This project supports the MESA software framework and its user community. MESA provides solvers for one-dimensional fully coupled structures and composition equations governing stellar evolution. It is based on an implicit finite volume scheme with adaptive mesh refinement and sophisticated time-step controls; state-of-the-art modules provide equation of state, opacity, nuclear reaction rates, element diffu- sion, boundary conditions, and changes to the mass of the star. MESA is an open source library that employs contemporary numerical approaches, supports shared memory parallelism based on OpenMP, and is designed with present and future multi-core and multi-thread architectures in mind. MESA combines composable, interoperable, robust, efficient, thread-safe numerical and physics modules for provenance-capable simulations of a wide range of stellar evolution scenarios ranging from giant planets to low mass single stars to massive star binaries. MESA?s domain of applicability continues to grow, with recent extensions enabling users to model oscillations, rota- tion, binary stars, and explosions. Recent technical innovations allow for user plugins and provide bit-for-bit consistent results across all supported platforms. The products of the MESA project has driven and will continue to drive significant innovation in the stellar, gravitational wave, nuclear, exoplanet, galactic, and cosmological communities.