A practical upscaling of subsurface reactive transport

地下水是许多社区的重要饮用水源。谁依赖地下水作为饮用水？ 四分之三的美国城市，95%的美国农村人口，超过一半的美国人。 地下水的大规模污染威胁到许多这些水源。 清理受污染地下水的科学现状陷入了20世纪50年代的技术困境，因为污染物和它们所处的流动地下水是看不见的，很难监测。 这使得设计所谓的“原位”清理方法变得特别困难，这种方法依赖于将混合物注入地下，使地下发生化学反应，将污染物转化为无毒产品。本项目要研究的问题是地下水清理如何发生。 该项目将使用最近发现的一种追踪受污染（“羽流”）和未受污染地下水之间的移动前沿的方法，作为预测原地化学转化总速率的基础。 这种新方法是湍流理论的最新发明，自达芬奇时代以来，湍流理论一直是一个挑战人类思维的领域，它有望提供一种更准确的方法来计算总的清理速度，即使很难确切知道污染物羽流的位置。该项目包括实验室控制实验和现场测试，以完成这种设计地下水净化方法的开发。这种创新和强大的方法不需要现场管理人员确切地知道羽流的位置，就像其他方法一样，但它只需要羽流的总表面积。 这项研究的更广泛的意义包括：开发新的方法，以帮助联邦和州机构，城市，地下水污染责任方，以及任何负责地下水质量，设计和管理在美国各地的地下水修复策略。 该项目与从幼儿园到大学的各级学习人员分享工作，以实现广泛的培训目标。 该项目涉及跨学科教育的本科生和研究生，包括每年约75名K-12学生及其教师参与土壤工程和环境过程的不同方面的课程，通过为期一天的实地考察到加州大学戴维斯分校校园，并扩大两个加州大学戴维斯分校研究生课程，包括在该项目中学到的材料。

Groundwater is an important drinking water source for many communities. Who depends on groundwater for drinking water ? Three of four American cities, 95% of the rural American population, and over half of all Americans. Wide scale contamination of groundwater threatens many of these sources. The state-of-the-science for cleaning up contaminated groundwater is mired in 1950s technology because the pollutants and the flowing groundwaters in which they occur are out of sight and very difficult to monitor. This makes it particularly difficult to design so-called 'in situ' clean-up methods, that rely on injecting mixtures into the subsurface to make chemical reactions underground that convert the contaminants to non-toxic products.The problem to be studied in this project is how groundwater clean-up happens underground. The project will use a recently discovered method of tracking the moving front between the contaminated ('plume') and the non-contaminated groundwater as a basis for predicting the overall rate of chemical transformation in situ. This new method is a recent invention from the theory of turbulence, a field that has challenged human minds since the time of DaVinci, and it promises to provide a much more accurate way of accounting the overall rate of clean-up, even when it is difficult to know exactly the location of the contaminant plume. This project includes both controlled experiments in the laboratory and field site testing to complete the development of this method of designing groundwater clean-up. This innovative and powerful approach does not require the site manager to know exactly where the plume is, like other methods, but it only requires the total surface area of the plume. The broader significance of this research includes: development of new methods to help federal and state agencies, cities, groundwater contamination responsible parties, and anyone responsible for groundwater quality, to design and manage in situ groundwater remediation strategies all over the United States. This project shares the work with learning people at all levels from Kindergarten to College, in order to achieve broad training goals. The project involves both undergraduate and graduate students in interdisciplinary education, includes classes with approximately 75 K-12 students as well as their teachers per year involved in different aspects of engineering and environmental processes in soils through one-day hands-on field trips to the UC Davis campus, and expansion of two UC Davis graduate courses to include material learned in this project.