Mobile Observations and quantification of Methane Emissions to inform National Targeting, Upscaling and Mitigation (MOMENTUM)

2020年和2021年，大气中甲烷的增长率分别达到15和17 ppb，这给实现《巴黎协定》和《全球甲烷承诺》带来了挑战。2021年联合国全球甲烷评估报告强调，本十年需要大幅削减甲烷排放，以减缓全球气温上升。迫切需要就补救目标提出建议。联合国建议，在主要来源类别中，可以减少以下排放量：61%来自化石燃料的生产、分配和使用，48%来自废物加工和废物转化为能源，22%来自农业。英国清单表明，甲烷人为排放量自1990年以来已显着减少，但在过去4年中保持不变。我们最近的移动的测量活动突出了进一步减少排放的潜力，特别是在天然气分销基础设施方面。移动的研究也很适合识别所谓的超级发射体。因此，随着各国继续向碳密集度较低的活动过渡，快速确定维修或更换的优先顺序可以显著而迅速地影响国家总排放量。英国的目标是通过发展“绿色”或“蓝色”能源，例如废物转化为能源或制氢，实现其2050年净零排放目标。改进这些新兴部门甲烷排放量的量化至关重要，但目前对这些部门的生命周期排放量知之甚少，因此不可能进行准确的净零评估。我们已经表明，沼气厂的甲烷测量值可能很大，应该在国家清单中作为点源。模拟英国和爱尔兰网络的连续甲烷测量站点允许验证的总英国排放量的清单。它没有做的是验证单个源部门的排放量或确定排放量。鉴于这些知识差距，我们如何确保英国甲烷库存的准确性，以优先考虑缓解战略和净零政策？MOMENTUM旨在开发移动的测量解决方案来实现这一目标。必须验证源部门的排放量，以提供进一步的甲烷减排目标。这就需要一种广泛的空间覆盖方法，但在测量高度上，可以在联合王国的复杂环境中解决来自各个源类别的排放，而不是来自卫星或飞机。我们将为学术和行业/监管最终用户开发单独的CH 4源类别排放量化解决方案，随后使用车辆和无人机平台进行一系列实验性实地活动，以校准测量值并验证方法。a）在移动的测量过程中，测试多种仪器对不同气象、仪器和后勤参数的响应，将这些应用于不同受控排放释放速率和距源距离的一系列通量模型。B）根据这些结果和共同排放的物种（CO2、氨、乙烷）和同位素的数据，为每种源类别制定具体的测量和通量解决方案。c）在已知的能源基础设施和农业场所，以及在具有多种来源的复杂来源环境中，测试这些解决方案的有效性（d）使用经验证的方法，调查清单主要排放类别的代表性群体e）将排放量提升到国家一级，以查明清单中的差异，并提供知识以填补清单空白，f）与BEIS和其他项目合作伙伴合作，为实现“净零排放”的减排提供政策目标。

Consecutive record-breaking atmospheric CH4 growth rates of 15 and 17 ppb in 2020 and 2021 respectively, have increased the challenge of meeting the Paris Agreement and the Global Methane Pledge. The 2021 UN Global Methane Assessment report highlighted the need for large cuts in methane emissions this decade to slow global temperature rise. Recommendations for remediation targets are urgently required. The UN suggest that within the main source categories the following reductions are possible: 61% from fossil fuel production, distribution and use, 48% from waste processing and waste-to-energy generation, 22% from agriculture.The UK inventory suggests that CH4 anthropogenic emissions have decreased significantly since 1990, but have remained static for the last 4 years. Our recent mobile measurement campaigns have highlighted potential for further reduction in emissions, particularly in gas distribution infrastructure. Mobile studies are also well-placed to identify so-called super-emitters. Rapid identification and prioritisation for repair or replacement can thus significantly and quickly impact total national emissions, as nations continue to transition to less carbon intensive activities. The UK aims to meet its 2050 net zero targets with the development of 'green' or 'blue' energy, e.g. waste-to-energy or hydrogen production. An improved quantification of CH4 emissions from these emergent sectors is essential, but little is known about the lifecycle emissions of these sectors at present, making accurate Net Zero assessments impossible. We have already shown that CH4 measurements from biogas plants can be substantial and should be represented as point sources in the national inventory. Modelling of the UK and Ireland network of continuous methane measurement sites has allowed validation of the total UK emission from the inventory. What it does not do is validate emissions from individual source sectors or pinpoint emissions. Given these knowledge gaps how do we ensure the accuracy of the UK's methane inventory in order to prioritise mitigation strategy and Net Zero policy? MOMENTUM aims to develop mobile measurement solutions to do this. It is essential to validate source sector emissions to provide further targets for methane reduction. This requires methodology for wide spatial coverage, but at measurement heights where emissions from individual source categories can be resolved in the complex environments of the UK, rather than from satellites or aircraft. We will develop individual CH4 source category emission quantification solutions for academic and industry/regulatory end users, following a series of experimental field campaigns using vehicle and UAV platforms to calibrate measurements and validate methodologies.In summary the project will:a) Test multiple instrument responses to different meteorological, instrumental and logistical parameters during mobile measurement, applying these to a range of flux models for different controlled emission release rates and distance from source.b) Develop specific measurement and flux solutions for each source category from these results and data for co-emitted species (CO2, ammonia, ethane) and isotopes. c) Test the validity of these solutions at known energy infrastructure and agricultural sites, and in a complex source environment with multiple sources (landfill, agriculture, biogas plant, oil refinery and gas infrastructure).d) Use the validated methodology to survey a representative population of the main inventory emission categories (agriculture, waste, fossil fuel).e) Upscale the emissions to national level to identify discrepancies in the inventory, and provide knowledge to fill inventory gaps, particularly for emerging sources.f) Provide policy targets for emissions mitigation on the road to 'Net Zero' in collaboration with BEIS and other project partners.