Species Concept and Molecular Phylogeny of West African Resuninate Thelephorales

毛菌目是真菌纲(担子菌门，真菌门)中一个世界性的单系真菌群。尽管公共数据库INSD和UNIT特别丰富了其数量可观的rDNA象状序列，但物种概念的模式和头口目较低水平的系统发育仍未解决。与基于子实体的序列的低可用性和地理偏见(偏向温带的欧洲和美洲)形成对比的是，由未命名的样本产生的象形序列的高比例提出了关于为明确的解剖学和系统发育物种划界而进行采样的努力的问题。为了更好地理解头孢菌目的形态和系统发育种的概念，我们建议在此对子实体进行广泛的系统发育和详细的解剖。我们将在西非几内亚北部物种丰富的季节性森林和在前一阶段没有勘探到的生态系统中进行密集采样。我们将针对ITS rDNA基因进行物种概念和物种多样性的研究。利用LSU rDNA的d1/d2区域将评估绒毛属内深层节间的系统发育关系和进化过程。将对我们(从热带非洲)产生的序列进行系统发育评估，对照从INSD和UNIT(来自温带美洲和欧洲)获得的序列。分子系统发育分析和解剖学特征将在最近成功执行。我们的目的是更好地了解地理距离在物种限制中所起的作用，并评估热带物种在重瓣毛目动物进化中的贡献。

Thelephorales represent a cosmopolitan monophyletic fungal group within the Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota, Fungi). Although public database INSD and UNITE have been particularly enriched with an impressive number of ITS rDNA thelephoroid sequences, patterns of species concept and lower-level phylogenetics within Thelephorales still remain unresolved. The high percentage of thelephoroid sequences generated from unnamed samples in contrast to the low availability of fruit body-based sequences and geographic bias (toward temperate Europe and America) raise up questions regarding sampling effort for a clear anatomical and phylogenetic species delimitation. To better understand morphological and phylogenetic species concept within Thelephorales, we suggest hereby broadly sampled phylogenetic and detailed anatomy of fruit bodies. We will intensively sample in species-rich northern Guinean seasonal forests of West Africa and in ecosystems that were not prospected during the previous phase. We will target the ITS rDNA gene for the species concept and species diversity. Phylogenetic relationship of deeper nodes and evolutionary processes within the genus Tomentella will be assessed using the D1/D2 region of the LSU rDNA. Phylogenetic assessment will be performed on sequences we will generate (from tropical Africa) against those obtained from the INSD and UNITE (from temperate America and Europe). Molecular phylogenetic analyses and anatomical characterization will be performed as successfully executed recently. We aim at a better understanding of the role played by geographic distance in species limits and at assessing the contribution of tropical species in the evolution of resupinate Thelephorales.