Nation, Society an Military in post-revolutionary France: the Political and Social Impact of the French National Guard (1814-1852)

法国国民自卫军起源于1789年的民兵组织，其成员热衷于保护自己的财产和捍卫自己的政治利益，1791年宪法将其制度化，直到1872年第三共和国开始时才解散。国民自卫军是一支志愿军，在1814年法国君主制复辟、1830年七月革命和1848年法国大革命等政治变革中发挥了重要作用。本研究旨在考察1814 - 1852年法国国民自卫军作为一面镜子，反映当时的经验和不同的政治与社会秩序观念，这些都是国民警卫队的任务最重要的是，该项目强调了国民警卫队的工具化与后者的机构自我意志之间的复杂关系。因此，国民自卫军被分析为社会的一个重要组成部分，其成员在1814年之后的君主立宪制期间和1848年以后的第二共和国期间为维护公共秩序服务。作为革命和拿破仑战争的老兵，他们的经历可以追溯到革命和帝国时代。因此，近卫军对1814年以后的社会和政治环境采取了批判性的观点，这导致他们将自己的政治观点和社会概念强加于人。

The research project deals with the French National Guard between 1814 and 1852.The French National Guard arises from the civic militias in 1789, whose members were keen on protecting their properties and defending their political interests, it was institutionalised with the constitution of 1791 and dissolved only in 1872 at the beginning of the Third Republic. The National Guard was a voluntary troop which played a major role during political changes like the return of the monarchy in 1814, the Julyrevolution in 1830 and the revolution of 1848.This project aims at investigating the French National Guard between 1814 and 1852 as a mirror reflecting contemporary experiences and the the different concepts of political and social order, which were meant to be realised with the National Guard. Most importantly, the project stresses the complex relation between the instrumentalisation of the National Guard on the one hand and the institutional self-will of the latter on the other. The National Guard is hence analysed as an important part of the society whose members served for the maintenance of public order during the constitutional monarchy after 1814 and during the Second Republic from 1848 onwards. As veterans of the revolutionary and Napoleonic wars, their experiences however went back to the era of the Revolution and the Empire. As a result the guardsmen adopted a critical view as for the social and political circumstances of their time after 1814, which led them to impose their own political opinions and ideas of social concepts.